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Amphiphilic Block Copolymers with Vinyl Caprolactam as Kinetic Gas Hydrate Inhibitors

Author

Listed:
  • Faraz Rajput

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada)

  • Milan Maric

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada)

  • Phillip Servio

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada)

Abstract

Macrosurfactants consisting of water-soluble poly(vinylcaprolactam) (PVCap) or poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) segments with comparatively shorter hydrophobic poly(styrene) (PS) or poly(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene) (PPFS) segments were used as kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs). These were synthesized with 2-cyanopropan-2-yl N -methyl- N -(pyridin-4-yl)dithiocarbamate switchable reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent at 60 °C or 90 °C for 1-P(S/PFS) or 1-PVCap, respectively, followed by chain extension at 90 °C or 70 °C with PVCap or PVP, respectively. The addition of PVCap to the pure methane-water system resulted in a 53% reduction of methane consumption (comparable to PVP with 51% inhibition) during the initial growth phase. A PS-PVCap block copolymer comprised of 10 mol% PS and 90 mol% PVCap improved inhibition to 56% compared to the pure methane-water system with no KHIs. Substituting PS with a more hydrophobic PPFS segment further improved inhibition to 73%. By increasing the ratio of the hydrophobic PS- to PVCap- groups in the polymer, an increase of its inhibition potential was measured. For PPFS-PVCap, an increase of PPFS ratio from 5% to 10% decreased the methane formation rate by 6%. However, PPFS-PVCap block copolymers with more than 20 mol% PPFS were unable to dissolve in water due to increase in hydrophobicity and the attendant low critical micelle concentration (CMC).

Suggested Citation

  • Faraz Rajput & Milan Maric & Phillip Servio, 2021. "Amphiphilic Block Copolymers with Vinyl Caprolactam as Kinetic Gas Hydrate Inhibitors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-13, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:2:p:341-:d:477530
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. E. Dendy Sloan, 2003. "Fundamental principles and applications of natural gas hydrates," Nature, Nature, vol. 426(6964), pages 353-359, November.
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    2. Yiwei Wang & Lin Wang & Zhen Hu & Youli Li & Qiang Sun & Aixian Liu & Lanying Yang & Jing Gong & Xuqiang Guo, 2021. "The Thermodynamic and Kinetic Effects of Sodium Lignin Sulfonate on Ethylene Hydrate Formation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-19, June.
    3. André Guerra & Samuel Mathews & Milan Marić & Alejandro D. Rey & Phillip Servio, 2022. "An Integrated Experimental and Computational Platform to Explore Gas Hydrate Promotion, Inhibition, Rheology, and Mechanical Properties at McGill University: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-19, July.
    4. Yulia F. Zaripova & Sherzod Razhabov & Roman S. Pavelyev & Svetlana S. Vinogradova & Renat R. Nazmutdinov & Iskander R. Vakhitov & Mikhail A. Varfolomeev, 2022. "Effective Inhibition of Carbon Steel Corrosion by Waterborne Polyurethane Based on N- tert -Butyl Diethanolamine in 2M HCl: Experimental and Computational Findings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-21, March.
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