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Anaerobic Digestion of Blood from Slaughtered Livestock: A Review

Author

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  • Tasnia Hassan Nazifa

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X5, Canada)

  • Noori M. Cata Saady

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X5, Canada)

  • Carlos Bazan

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X5, Canada)

  • Sohrab Zendehboudi

    (Department of Process Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X5, Canada)

  • Adnan Aftab

    (Western Australia School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia)

  • Talib M. Albayati

    (Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad 10071, Iraq)

Abstract

Blood from livestock slaughtering imposes a high organic pollution load and risks. If it is discharged untreated to sewer systems, it increases the organic pollution load on wastewater treatment plants by 35–50%. This paper reviews blood anaerobic digestion. It analyzes the quantities, composition, methane potential reported, microbiology, biochemical pathways of blood protein degradation, environmental and health issues, and strategies suggested to manage them during livestock blood anaerobic digestion. Although challenging, anaerobic digestion of blood as a mono-substrate is possible if the culture-reactor system is controlled based on a complete characterization and understanding of the microbial community and its metabolic activities. Co-digestion of blood and other feedstock proceeds well if the mixtures are well designed. Generally, the specific methane yield from digesting blood alone ranges between zero and 0.45 m 3 kg −1 protein, whereas for co-digesting blood and other substrates, the yield varies between 0.1 and 0.7 m 3 kg −1 volatile solids. More research is required for microbiology and kinetics, the role of adsorbents, reactor configuration, and culture adaptation during anaerobic digestion of blood to better control the process.

Suggested Citation

  • Tasnia Hassan Nazifa & Noori M. Cata Saady & Carlos Bazan & Sohrab Zendehboudi & Adnan Aftab & Talib M. Albayati, 2021. "Anaerobic Digestion of Blood from Slaughtered Livestock: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-26, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:18:p:5666-:d:632028
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Nguyen, Thanh Hung & Doan, Quang-Van & Khan, Ansar & Derdouri, Ahmed & Anand, Prashant & Niyogi, Dev, 2024. "The potential of agricultural and livestock wastes as a source of biogas in Vietnam: Energetic, economic and environmental evaluation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    2. Anriansyah Renggaman & Hong Lim Choi & Sartika Indah Amalia Sudiarto & Andi Febrisiantosa & Dong Hyoen Ahn & Yong Wook Choung & Arumuganainar Suresh, 2021. "Biochemical Methane Potential of Swine Slaughter Waste, Swine Slurry, and Its Codigestion Effect," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-14, October.

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