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Recovery of Biogas and Other Valuable Bioproducts from Livestock Blood Waste: A Review

Author

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  • Katarzyna Bułkowska

    (Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna St. 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Magdalena Zielińska

    (Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna St. 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland)

Abstract

The anaerobic digestion (AD) of livestock blood represents a sustainable solution for the management of waste generated by the meat processing industry while simultaneously generating renewable energy. The improper treatment of livestock blood, which is rich in organic matter and nutrients, can result in environmental risks such as water pollution, soil degradation, and greenhouse gas emissions. This review examines a range of AD strategies, with a particular focus on technological advances in reactor design, pretreatment, and co-digestion, with the aim of optimizing process efficiency. While the high protein content of blood has the potential to enhance biogas production, challenges such as ammonia inhibition and process instability must be addressed. Innovations such as bio-carriers, thermal pretreatment, and co-digestion with carbon-rich substrates have demonstrated efficacy in addressing these challenges, resulting in stable operation and enhanced methane yields. The advancement of AD technologies is intended to mitigate the environmental impact of livestock blood waste and facilitate the development of a circular bioeconomy. Furthermore, the possibility of utilizing slaughterhouse blood for the recovery of valuable products, including proteins, heme iron, and bioactive peptides, was evaluated with a view to their potential applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Furthermore, the potential of utilizing protein-rich blood as a substrate for mixed culture fermentation in volatile fatty acid (VFA) biorefineries was explored, illustrating its viability in biotechnological applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Katarzyna Bułkowska & Magdalena Zielińska, 2024. "Recovery of Biogas and Other Valuable Bioproducts from Livestock Blood Waste: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-25, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:23:p:5873-:d:1527406
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wang, Shunli & Hawkins, Gary L. & Kiepper, Brian H. & Das, Keshav C., 2018. "Treatment of slaughterhouse blood waste using pilot scale two-stage anaerobic digesters for biogas production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 552-562.
    2. Mohammed Ali Musa & Syazwani Idrus & Mohd Razif Harun & Tuan Farhana Tuan Mohd Marzuki & Abdul Malek Abdul Wahab, 2019. "A Comparative Study of Biogas Production from Cattle Slaughterhouse Wastewater Using Conventional and Modified Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-19, December.
    3. Yellezuome, Dominic & Zhu, Xianpu & Wang, Zengzhen & Liu, Ronghou, 2022. "Mitigation of ammonia inhibition in anaerobic digestion of nitrogen-rich substrates for biogas production by ammonia stripping: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    4. Tasnia Hassan Nazifa & Noori M. Cata Saady & Carlos Bazan & Sohrab Zendehboudi & Adnan Aftab & Talib M. Albayati, 2021. "Anaerobic Digestion of Blood from Slaughtered Livestock: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-26, September.
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