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A Systematic Review of Key Challenges in Hybrid HVAC–HVDC Grids

Author

Listed:
  • Umar Javed

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
    Co-first author: U. Javed and N. Mughees contributed equally to this paper.)

  • Neelam Mughees

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
    Co-first author: U. Javed and N. Mughees contributed equally to this paper.)

  • Muhammad Jawad

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan)

  • Omar Azeem

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan)

  • Ghulam Abbas

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan)

  • Nasim Ullah

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia)

  • Md. Shahariar Chowdhury

    (Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Thailand)

  • Kuaanan Techato

    (Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Thailand
    Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Thailand)

  • Khurram Shabih Zaidi

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan)

  • Umair Tahir

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan)

Abstract

The concept of hybrid high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) and high-voltage direct current (HVDC) grid systems brings a massive advantage to reduce AC line loading, increased utilization of network infrastructure, and lower operational costs. However, it comes with issues, such as integration challenges, control strategies, optimization control, and security. The combined objectives in hybrid HVAC–HVDC grids are to achieve the fast regulation of DC voltage and frequency, optimal power flow, and stable operation during normal and abnormal conditions. The rise in hybrid HVAC–HVDC grids and associated issues are reviewed in this study along with state-of-the-art literature and developments that focus on modeling robust droop control, load frequency control, and DC voltage regulation techniques. The definitions, characteristics, and classifications of key issues are introduced. The paper summaries the key insights of hybrid HVAC–HVDC grids, current developments, and future research directions and prospects, which have led to the evolution of this field. Therefore, the motivation, novelty, and the main contribution of the survey is to comprehensively analyze the integration challenges, implemented control algorithms, employed optimization algorithms, and major security challenges of hybrid HVAC–HVDC systems. Moreover, future research prospects are identified, such as security algorithms’ constraints, dynamic contingency modeling, and cost-effective and reliable operation.

Suggested Citation

  • Umar Javed & Neelam Mughees & Muhammad Jawad & Omar Azeem & Ghulam Abbas & Nasim Ullah & Md. Shahariar Chowdhury & Kuaanan Techato & Khurram Shabih Zaidi & Umair Tahir, 2021. "A Systematic Review of Key Challenges in Hybrid HVAC–HVDC Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-27, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:17:p:5451-:d:627244
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Korompili, Asimenia & Wu, Qiuwei & Zhao, Haoran, 2016. "Review of VSC HVDC connection for offshore wind power integration," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 1405-1414.
    2. Sungchul Hwang & Sungyoon Song & Gilsoo Jang & Minhan Yoon, 2019. "An Operation Strategy of the Hybrid Multi-Terminal HVDC for Contingency," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-22, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Rafael Esteban & Zaida Troya & Enrique Herrera-Viedma & Antonio Peña-García, 2021. "IFMIF-DONES as Paradigm of Institutional Funding in the Way towards Sustainable Energy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-13, November.
    2. Umer Ehsan & Muhammad Jawad & Umar Javed & Khurram Shabih Zaidi & Ateeq Ur Rehman & Anton Rassõlkin & Maha M. Althobaiti & Habib Hamam & Muhammad Shafiq, 2021. "A Detailed Testing Procedure of Numerical Differential Protection Relay for EHV Auto Transformer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-21, December.

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