IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i11p3024-d560711.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Decentralized Management of Commercial HVAC Systems

Author

Listed:
  • Samy Faddel

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA)

  • Guanyu Tian

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA)

  • Qun Zhou

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA)

Abstract

With the growth of commercial building sizes, it is more beneficial to make them “smart” by controlling the schedule of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system adaptively. Single-building-based scheduling methods are more focused on individual interests and usually result in overlapped schedules that can cause voltage deviations in their microgrid. This paper proposes a decentralized management framework that is able to minimize the total electricity costs of a commercial microgrid and limit the voltage deviations. The proposed scheme is a two-level optimization where the lower level ensures the thermal comfort inside the buildings while the upper level consider system-wise constraints and costs. The decentralization of the framework is able to maintain the privacy of individual buildings. Multiple data-driven building models are developed and compared. The effect of the building modeling on the overall operation of coordinated buildings is discussed. The proposed framework is validated on a modified IEEE 13-bus system with different connected types of commercial buildings. The results show that coordinated optimization outperforms the commonly used commercial controller and individual optimization of buildings. The results also show that the total costs are greatly affected by the building modeling.

Suggested Citation

  • Samy Faddel & Guanyu Tian & Qun Zhou, 2021. "Decentralized Management of Commercial HVAC Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-18, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:11:p:3024-:d:560711
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/11/3024/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/11/3024/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Alibabaei, Nima & Fung, Alan S. & Raahemifar, Kaamran & Moghimi, Arash, 2017. "Effects of intelligent strategy planning models on residential HVAC system energy demand and cost during the heating and cooling seasons," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P1), pages 29-43.
    2. Manoj Manivannan & Behzad Najafi & Fabio Rinaldi, 2017. "Machine Learning-Based Short-Term Prediction of Air-Conditioning Load through Smart Meter Analytics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-17, November.
    3. Wang, Huilong & Wang, Shengwei & Tang, Rui, 2019. "Development of grid-responsive buildings: Opportunities, challenges, capabilities and applications of HVAC systems in non-residential buildings in providing ancillary services by fast demand responses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 697-712.
    4. Fiorentini, Massimo & Wall, Josh & Ma, Zhenjun & Braslavsky, Julio H. & Cooper, Paul, 2017. "Hybrid model predictive control of a residential HVAC system with on-site thermal energy generation and storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 465-479.
    5. Smarra, Francesco & Jain, Achin & de Rubeis, Tullio & Ambrosini, Dario & D’Innocenzo, Alessandro & Mangharam, Rahul, 2018. "Data-driven model predictive control using random forests for building energy optimization and climate control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C), pages 1252-1272.
    6. Razmara, M. & Bharati, G.R. & Hanover, Drew & Shahbakhti, M. & Paudyal, S. & Robinett, R.D., 2017. "Building-to-grid predictive power flow control for demand response and demand flexibility programs," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 128-141.
    7. Wang, Zhe & Hong, Tianzhen, 2020. "Learning occupants’ indoor comfort temperature through a Bayesian inference approach for office buildings in United States," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    8. Tamás Kis & András Kovács & Csaba Mészáros, 2021. "On Optimistic and Pessimistic Bilevel Optimization Models for Demand Response Management," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-22, April.
    9. Afram, Abdul & Janabi-Sharifi, Farrokh, 2015. "Gray-box modeling and validation of residential HVAC system for control system design," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 134-150.
    10. Žáčeková, Eva & Váňa, Zdeněk & Cigler, Jiří, 2014. "Towards the real-life implementation of MPC for an office building: Identification issues," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 53-62.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Kashif Irshad, 2021. "Performance Improvement of Thermoelectric Air Cooler System by Using Variable-Pulse Current for Building Applications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-13, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Lork, Clement & Li, Wen-Tai & Qin, Yan & Zhou, Yuren & Yuen, Chau & Tushar, Wayes & Saha, Tapan K., 2020. "An uncertainty-aware deep reinforcement learning framework for residential air conditioning energy management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    2. Shan, Kui & Wang, Shengwei & Zhuang, Chaoqun, 2021. "Controlling a large constant speed centrifugal chiller to provide grid frequency regulation: A validation based on onsite tests," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    3. Bay, Christopher J. & Chintala, Rohit & Chinde, Venkatesh & King, Jennifer, 2022. "Distributed model predictive control for coordinated, grid-interactive buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 312(C).
    4. Georgios D. Kontes & Georgios I. Giannakis & Víctor Sánchez & Pablo De Agustin-Camacho & Ander Romero-Amorrortu & Natalia Panagiotidou & Dimitrios V. Rovas & Simone Steiger & Christopher Mutschler & G, 2018. "Simulation-Based Evaluation and Optimization of Control Strategies in Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-23, December.
    5. Frank Florez & Pedro Fernández de Córdoba & José Luis Higón & Gerard Olivar & John Taborda, 2019. "Modeling, Simulation, and Temperature Control of a Thermal Zone with Sliding Modes Strategy," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 7(6), pages 1-13, June.
    6. Finck, Christian & Li, Rongling & Zeiler, Wim, 2019. "Economic model predictive control for demand flexibility of a residential building," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 365-379.
    7. Drgoňa, Ján & Picard, Damien & Kvasnica, Michal & Helsen, Lieve, 2018. "Approximate model predictive building control via machine learning," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C), pages 199-216.
    8. Heidari, Amirreza & Maréchal, François & Khovalyg, Dolaana, 2022. "Reinforcement Learning for proactive operation of residential energy systems by learning stochastic occupant behavior and fluctuating solar energy: Balancing comfort, hygiene and energy use," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 318(C).
    9. Liu, Yang & Yu, Nanpeng & Wang, Wei & Guan, Xiaohong & Xu, Zhanbo & Dong, Bing & Liu, Ting, 2018. "Coordinating the operations of smart buildings in smart grids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 2510-2525.
    10. Ding, Yi & Cui, Wenqi & Zhang, Shujun & Hui, Hongxun & Qiu, Yiwei & Song, Yonghua, 2019. "Multi-state operating reserve model of aggregate thermostatically-controlled-loads for power system short-term reliability evaluation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C), pages 46-58.
    11. Zhan, Sicheng & Chong, Adrian, 2021. "Data requirements and performance evaluation of model predictive control in buildings: A modeling perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    12. Bünning, Felix & Huber, Benjamin & Schalbetter, Adrian & Aboudonia, Ahmed & Hudoba de Badyn, Mathias & Heer, Philipp & Smith, Roy S. & Lygeros, John, 2022. "Physics-informed linear regression is competitive with two Machine Learning methods in residential building MPC," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 310(C).
    13. Yoon, Ah-Yun & Kim, Young-Jin & Zakula, Tea & Moon, Seung-Ill, 2020. "Retail electricity pricing via online-learning of data-driven demand response of HVAC systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    14. Mohamed Toub & Chethan R. Reddy & Rush D. Robinett & Mahdi Shahbakhti, 2021. "Integration and Optimal Control of MicroCSP with Building HVAC Systems: Review and Future Directions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-41, January.
    15. Germán Campos Gordillo & Germán Ramos Ruiz & Yves Stauffer & Stephan Dasen & Carlos Fernández Bandera, 2020. "EplusLauncher: An API to Perform Complex EnergyPlus Simulations in MATLAB ® and C#," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-14, January.
    16. Chen, Yongbao & Chen, Zhe & Xu, Peng & Li, Weilin & Sha, Huajing & Yang, Zhiwei & Li, Guowen & Hu, Chonghe, 2019. "Quantification of electricity flexibility in demand response: Office building case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    17. Villa-Arrieta, Manuel & Sumper, Andreas, 2018. "A model for an economic evaluation of energy systems using TRNSYS," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C), pages 765-777.
    18. Guo, Yurun & Wang, Shugang & Wang, Jihong & Zhang, Tengfei & Ma, Zhenjun & Jiang, Shuang, 2024. "Key district heating technologies for building energy flexibility: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
    19. Vallianos, Charalampos & Candanedo, José & Athienitis, Andreas, 2023. "Application of a large smart thermostat dataset for model calibration and Model Predictive Control implementation in the residential sector," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PA).
    20. Yang, Shiyu & Wan, Man Pun & Ng, Bing Feng & Dubey, Swapnil & Henze, Gregor P. & Chen, Wanyu & Baskaran, Krishnamoorthy, 2020. "Experimental study of model predictive control for an air-conditioning system with dedicated outdoor air system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:11:p:3024-:d:560711. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.