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Optimal Energy Management in a Standalone Microgrid, with Photovoltaic Generation, Short-Term Storage, and Hydrogen Production

Author

Listed:
  • Andreu Cecilia

    (Institut de Robòtica i Informàtica Industrial, CSIC-UPC, Llorens i Artigas 4-6, 08028 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Javier Carroquino

    (Intergia Energía Sostenible S.L., C/María de Luna 11, nave 19, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain)

  • Vicente Roda

    (Institut de Robòtica i Informàtica Industrial, CSIC-UPC, Llorens i Artigas 4-6, 08028 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Ramon Costa-Castelló

    (Institut de Robòtica i Informàtica Industrial, CSIC-UPC, Llorens i Artigas 4-6, 08028 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Félix Barreras

    (LIFTEC, CSIC-Univ. of Zaragoza, C/María de Luna 10, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain)

Abstract

This paper addresses the energy management of a standalone renewable energy system. The system is configured as a microgrid, including photovoltaic generation, a lead-acid battery as a short term energy storage system, hydrogen production, and several loads. In this microgrid, an energy management strategy has been incorporated that pursues several objectives. On the one hand, it aims to minimize the amount of energy cycled in the battery, in order to reduce the associated losses and battery size. On the other hand, it seeks to take advantage of the long-term surplus energy, producing hydrogen and extracting it from the system, to be used in a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle. A crucial factor in this approach is to accommodate the energy consumption to the energy demand and to achieve this, a model predictive control (MPC) scheme is proposed. In this context, proper models for solar estimation, hydrogen production, and battery energy storage will be presented. Moreover, the controller is capable of advancing or delaying the deferrable loads from its prescheduled time. As a result, a stable and efficient supply with a relatively small battery is obtained. Finally, the proposed control scheme has been validated on a real case scenario.

Suggested Citation

  • Andreu Cecilia & Javier Carroquino & Vicente Roda & Ramon Costa-Castelló & Félix Barreras, 2020. "Optimal Energy Management in a Standalone Microgrid, with Photovoltaic Generation, Short-Term Storage, and Hydrogen Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-24, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:6:p:1454-:d:334786
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Mehroze Iqbal & Amel Benmouna & Frederic Claude & Mohamed Becherif, 2023. "Efficient and Reliable Power-Conditioning Stage for Fuel Cell-Based High-Power Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-15, June.
    3. César Berna-Escriche & Carlos Vargas-Salgado & David Alfonso-Solar & Alberto Escrivá-Castells, 2022. "Hydrogen Production from Surplus Electricity Generated by an Autonomous Renewable System: Scenario 2040 on Grand Canary Island, Spain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-29, September.
    4. Vu, Ba Hau & Chung, Il-Yop, 2022. "Optimal generation scheduling and operating reserve management for PV generation using RNN-based forecasting models for stand-alone microgrids," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 1137-1154.
    5. Hosein Kalantari & Seyed Ali Ghoreishi-Madiseh & Agus P. Sasmito, 2020. "Hybrid Renewable Hydrogen Energy Solution for Application in Remote Mines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-22, December.
    6. Luis O. Polanco Vásquez & Víctor M. Ramírez & Diego Langarica Córdova & Juana López Redondo & José Domingo Álvarez & José Luis Torres-Moreno, 2021. "Optimal Management of a Microgrid with Radiation and Wind-Speed Forecasting: A Case Study Applied to a Bioclimatic Building," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-16, April.
    7. Fathy, Ahmed, 2023. "Bald eagle search optimizer-based energy management strategy for microgrid with renewable sources and electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    8. Miloud Rezkallah & Sanjeev Singh & Ambrish Chandra & Bhim Singh & Hussein Ibrahim, 2020. "Off-Grid System Configurations for Coordinated Control of Renewable Energy Sources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-25, September.
    9. Alejandro Clemente & Ramon Costa-Castelló, 2020. "Redox Flow Batteries: A Literature Review Oriented to Automatic Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-31, September.
    10. Javier Solano & Diego Jimenez & Adrian Ilinca, 2020. "A Modular Simulation Testbed for Energy Management in AC/DC Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-23, August.
    11. Maria Carmela Di Piazza, 2022. "Recent Developments and Trends in Energy Management Systems for Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-6, November.
    12. Wang, Ningbo & Guo, Yanhua & Liu, Lu & Shao, Shuangquan, 2024. "Numerical assessment and optimization of photovoltaic-based hydrogen-oxygen Co-production energy system: A machine learning and multi-objective strategy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).

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