IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v13y2020i21p5686-d437642.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Effect of Selected Factors on Floor Upheaval in Roadways—In Situ Testing

Author

Listed:
  • Piotr Małkowski

    (Faculty of Mining and Geoengineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland)

  • Łukasz Ostrowski

    (Faculty of Mining and Geoengineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland)

  • Łukasz Bednarek

    (Faculty of Mining and Geoengineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland)

Abstract

The phenomenon of the floor upheaval occurs in virtually every type of rock mass and at every depth, accompanying the process of excavation of tunnels and headings. Despite its inconvenience, it is rarely studied because of the complexity of the process and the multiplicity of the factors causing deformations in floor rocks. To quantify the effect of the selected factors on floor upheaval, this article presents an analysis of results of in situ measurements carried out in three coal mine roadways at 15 measuring stations. These measurements were taken over varying periods of time, between 129 and 758 days. Groundwater and fault zones intersecting the excavations were considered as the key factors that affect floor upheavals. Therefore, the measurement bases were located at local faults and sites of water inflow. To compare the results, the stations were also located where the rock mass was not exposed to any factors other than stresses resulting from the depth of the excavation. The excavations were driven in various rocks and were located at different depths from 750 to 1010 m. The analyses of the study results show that the floor upheaval always depends on time and can be described in polynomial form: u fl = a · t 2 + b · t + c or by a power function: u fl = a · t b . However, the further regression analyses show that roadway’s floor upheaval can be expressed by a complex form using the key parameters determining the phenomena. In the absence of an impact of geological factors on the stability of the excavation, the floor upheaval depends on floor rocks compressive strength σ c and Young’s modulus E : l n ( u f l ) = a · l n ( t σ c ) − b E − c ; in the case of rock mass condition affected by water depends on the rock compressive strength reduction after submerging rock in water σ cs 6 h : u f l = a · t 0.5 − b σ c s 6 h σ c + c and in the case of fault depends on the fault’s throw f : u f l = a · t 0.8 + b · f 1.2 − c . Statistical analysis has shown that the matching of the models to the measurement data is high and amounts to r = 0.841–0.895. Hence, in general, the analysis shows that the floor upheaval in underground excavation in any geological conditions may grow indefinitely.

Suggested Citation

  • Piotr Małkowski & Łukasz Ostrowski & Łukasz Bednarek, 2020. "The Effect of Selected Factors on Floor Upheaval in Roadways—In Situ Testing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-23, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:21:p:5686-:d:437642
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/21/5686/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/21/5686/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gangye Guo & Hongpu Kang & Deyu Qian & Fuqiang Gao & Yang Wang, 2018. "Mechanism for Controlling Floor Heave of Mining Roadways Using Reinforcing Roof and Sidewalls in Underground Coal Mine," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-15, May.
    2. Kai Wang & Yanli Huang & Huadong Gao & Wen Zhai & Yongfeng Qiao & Junmeng Li & Shenyang Ouyang & Wei Li, 2020. "Recovery Technology of Bottom Coal in the Gob-Side Entry of Thick Coal Seam Based on Floor Heave Induced by Narrow Coal Pillar," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-20, July.
    3. Peng Gong & Zhanguo Ma & Xiaoyan Ni & Ray Ruichong Zhang, 2017. "Floor Heave Mechanism of Gob-Side Entry Retaining with Fully-Mechanized Backfilling Mining," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-19, December.
    4. Małkowski Piotr & Ostrowski Łukasz & Bachanek Piotr, 2017. "Modelling the Small Throw Fault Effect on the Stability of a Mining Roadway and Its Verification by In Situ Investigation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-21, December.
    5. Guorui Feng & Songyu Li & Pengfei Wang & Jun Guo & Ruipeng Qian & Qiang Sun & Chenliang Hao & Xiaoze Wen & Jianan Liu, 2020. "Study on Floor Mechanical Failure Characteristics and Stress Evolution in Double Predriven Recovery Rooms," Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Hindawi, vol. 2020, pages 1-13, April.
    6. Xingping Lai & Huicong Xu & Pengfei Shan & Yanlei Kang & Zeyang Wang & Xuan Wu, 2020. "Research on Mechanism and Control of Floor Heave of Mining-Influenced Roadway in Top Coal Caving Working Face," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-14, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Huaidong Liu & Changyou Liu & Ya’nan Dong, 2022. "Theoretical Study on the Mechanism of Asymmetrical Large Deformation of Heading Roadway Facing Mining," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-22, November.
    2. Kamil Szewerda & Jarosław Tokarczyk & Andrzej Wieczorek, 2021. "Impact of Increased Travel Speed of a Transportation Set on the Dynamic Parameters of a Mine Suspended Monorail," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-15, March.
    3. Piotr Małkowski & Łukasz Ostrowski & Jerzy Stasica, 2022. "Modeling of Floor Heave in Underground Roadways in Dry and Waterlogged Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-27, June.
    4. Krzysztof Krauze & Kamil Mucha & Tomasz Wydro & Ryszard Klempka & Andrzej Kutnik & Waldemar Hałas & Piotr Ruda, 2022. "Determining the Stability of a Mobile Manipulator for the Transport and Assembly of Arches in the Yielding Arch Support," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-17, April.
    5. Deqiu Wang & Yun Zheng & Fulian He & Jiayu Song & Jianlong Zhang & Yanhao Wu & Pengpeng Jia & Xiaohui Wang & Baoping Liu & Feifei Wang & Yajiang Zhang & Kai Tao, 2023. "Mechanism and Control of Asymmetric Floor Heave in the Gob-Side Coal Roadway under Mining Pressure in Extra-Thick Coal Seams," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-19, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Piotr Małkowski & Łukasz Ostrowski & Jerzy Stasica, 2022. "Modeling of Floor Heave in Underground Roadways in Dry and Waterlogged Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-27, June.
    2. Wensheng Wei & Guojun Zhang & Chunyuan Li & Wenshuai Zhang & Yupeng Shen, 2023. "Mechanism and Control of Asymmetric Floor Heave in Deep Roadway Disturbed by Roof Fracture," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-21, April.
    3. Yongli Liu & Jingtao Li & Yanwei Duan & Tao Qin & Zhenwen Liu, 2023. "Study on the Influence of Roadway Structural Morphology on the Mechanical Properties of Weakly Cemented Soft Rock Roadways," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, January.
    4. Housheng Jia & Luyao Wang & Kai Fan & Bo Peng & Kun Pan, 2019. "Control Technology of Soft Rock Floor in Mining Roadway with Coal Pillar Protection: A case study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-21, August.
    5. Qiang Zhang & Jixiong Zhang & Zhongya Wu & Yang Chen, 2019. "Overview of Solid Backfilling Technology Based on Coal-Waste Underground Separation in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-20, April.
    6. Shengrong Xie & Fangfang Guo & Yiyi Wu, 2022. "Control Techniques for Gob-Side Entry Driving in an Extra-Thick Coal Seam with the Influence of Upper Residual Coal Pillar: A Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-21, May.
    7. Hanghang Zheng & Zhenqian Ma & Lang Zhou & Dongyue Zhang & Xuchao Liang, 2022. "Effect of Loading Rate and Confining Pressure on Strength and Energy Characteristics of Mudstone under Pre-Cracking Damage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-15, May.
    8. Shuaigang Liu & Jianbiao Bai & Xiangyu Wang & Shuai Yan & Jiaxin Zhao, 2021. "Field and Numerical Study on Deformation and Failure Characteristics of Deep High-Stress Main Roadway in Dongpang Coal Mine," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-27, July.
    9. Yi Xue & Zhengzheng Cao & Feng Du & Lin Zhu, 2018. "The Influence of the Backfilling Roadway Driving Sequence on the Rockburst Risk of a Coal Pillar Based on an Energy Density Criterion," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-21, July.
    10. Xingyu Zhang & Liang Chen & Yubing Gao & Jinzhu Hu & Jun Yang & Manchao He, 2019. "Study of An Innovative Approach of Roof Presplitting for Gob-Side Entry Retaining in Longwall Coal Mining," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-16, August.
    11. Oleg Bazaluk & Mykhailo Petlovanyi & Vasyl Lozynskyi & Serhii Zubko & Kateryna Sai & Pavlo Saik, 2021. "Sustainable Underground Iron Ore Mining in Ukraine with Backfilling Worked-Out Area," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-17, January.
    12. Yongkang Yang & Xuecong Xu & Chenlong Wang, 2023. "Study on the Mechanism of Surrounding Rock Deformation and Its Control for Roof Cutting Retained Gob-Side Entry in Close-Distance Coal Seams Co-Mining," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-17, May.
    13. Xingping Lai & Huicong Xu & Pengfei Shan & Yanlei Kang & Zeyang Wang & Xuan Wu, 2020. "Research on Mechanism and Control of Floor Heave of Mining-Influenced Roadway in Top Coal Caving Working Face," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-14, January.
    14. Yu Liu & Jingzhong Zhu & Qimeng Liu & Anying Yuan & Shifang He & Yisheng Bai, 2022. "Mechanism Analysis of Delayed Water Inrush from Karst Collapse Column during Roadway Excavation Based on Seepage Transition Theory: A Case Study in PanEr Coal Mine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-13, July.
    15. Wenqiang Mu & Lianchong Li & Zhongping Guo & Zhaowen Du & Sixu Wang, 2019. "Novel Segmented Roadside Plugging-Filling Mining Method and Overlying Rock Mechanical Mechanism Analyses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-20, May.
    16. Sen Yang & Guichen Li & Ruiyang Bi & Bicheng Yao & Ruiguang Feng & Yuantian Sun, 2021. "The Stability of Roadway Groups under Rheology Coupling Mining Disturbance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-18, November.
    17. Dejian Ma & Xin Zhang & Lirong Wan & Qingliang Zeng & Hongen Ge, 2020. "Dynamic Analysis of Shearer Traction Unit Considering the Longitudinal Swing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-15, October.
    18. Zhibiao Guo & Haohao Wang & Zimin Ma & Pengfei Wang & Xiaohui Kuai & Xianzhe Zhang, 2021. "Research on the Transmission of Stresses by Roof Cutting near Gob Rocks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-24, February.
    19. Deqiu Wang & Yun Zheng & Fulian He & Jiayu Song & Jianlong Zhang & Yanhao Wu & Pengpeng Jia & Xiaohui Wang & Baoping Liu & Feifei Wang & Yajiang Zhang & Kai Tao, 2023. "Mechanism and Control of Asymmetric Floor Heave in the Gob-Side Coal Roadway under Mining Pressure in Extra-Thick Coal Seams," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-19, June.
    20. Kuidong Gao & Xiaodi Zhang & Liqing Sun & Qingliang Zeng & Zhihai Liu, 2021. "Loading Performance of a Novel Shearer Drum Applied to Thin Coal Seams," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-21, January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:21:p:5686-:d:437642. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.