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The Effect of Selected Factors on Floor Upheaval in Roadways—In Situ Testing

Author

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  • Piotr Małkowski

    (Faculty of Mining and Geoengineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland)

  • Łukasz Ostrowski

    (Faculty of Mining and Geoengineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland)

  • Łukasz Bednarek

    (Faculty of Mining and Geoengineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland)

Abstract

The phenomenon of the floor upheaval occurs in virtually every type of rock mass and at every depth, accompanying the process of excavation of tunnels and headings. Despite its inconvenience, it is rarely studied because of the complexity of the process and the multiplicity of the factors causing deformations in floor rocks. To quantify the effect of the selected factors on floor upheaval, this article presents an analysis of results of in situ measurements carried out in three coal mine roadways at 15 measuring stations. These measurements were taken over varying periods of time, between 129 and 758 days. Groundwater and fault zones intersecting the excavations were considered as the key factors that affect floor upheavals. Therefore, the measurement bases were located at local faults and sites of water inflow. To compare the results, the stations were also located where the rock mass was not exposed to any factors other than stresses resulting from the depth of the excavation. The excavations were driven in various rocks and were located at different depths from 750 to 1010 m. The analyses of the study results show that the floor upheaval always depends on time and can be described in polynomial form: u fl = a · t 2 + b · t + c or by a power function: u fl = a · t b . However, the further regression analyses show that roadway’s floor upheaval can be expressed by a complex form using the key parameters determining the phenomena. In the absence of an impact of geological factors on the stability of the excavation, the floor upheaval depends on floor rocks compressive strength σ c and Young’s modulus E : l n ( u f l ) = a · l n ( t σ c ) − b E − c ; in the case of rock mass condition affected by water depends on the rock compressive strength reduction after submerging rock in water σ cs 6 h : u f l = a · t 0.5 − b σ c s 6 h σ c + c and in the case of fault depends on the fault’s throw f : u f l = a · t 0.8 + b · f 1.2 − c . Statistical analysis has shown that the matching of the models to the measurement data is high and amounts to r = 0.841–0.895. Hence, in general, the analysis shows that the floor upheaval in underground excavation in any geological conditions may grow indefinitely.

Suggested Citation

  • Piotr Małkowski & Łukasz Ostrowski & Łukasz Bednarek, 2020. "The Effect of Selected Factors on Floor Upheaval in Roadways—In Situ Testing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-23, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:21:p:5686-:d:437642
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Peng Gong & Zhanguo Ma & Xiaoyan Ni & Ray Ruichong Zhang, 2017. "Floor Heave Mechanism of Gob-Side Entry Retaining with Fully-Mechanized Backfilling Mining," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-19, December.
    2. Małkowski Piotr & Ostrowski Łukasz & Bachanek Piotr, 2017. "Modelling the Small Throw Fault Effect on the Stability of a Mining Roadway and Its Verification by In Situ Investigation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-21, December.
    3. Gangye Guo & Hongpu Kang & Deyu Qian & Fuqiang Gao & Yang Wang, 2018. "Mechanism for Controlling Floor Heave of Mining Roadways Using Reinforcing Roof and Sidewalls in Underground Coal Mine," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-15, May.
    4. Guorui Feng & Songyu Li & Pengfei Wang & Jun Guo & Ruipeng Qian & Qiang Sun & Chenliang Hao & Xiaoze Wen & Jianan Liu, 2020. "Study on Floor Mechanical Failure Characteristics and Stress Evolution in Double Predriven Recovery Rooms," Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Hindawi, vol. 2020, pages 1-13, April.
    5. Kai Wang & Yanli Huang & Huadong Gao & Wen Zhai & Yongfeng Qiao & Junmeng Li & Shenyang Ouyang & Wei Li, 2020. "Recovery Technology of Bottom Coal in the Gob-Side Entry of Thick Coal Seam Based on Floor Heave Induced by Narrow Coal Pillar," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-20, July.
    6. Xingping Lai & Huicong Xu & Pengfei Shan & Yanlei Kang & Zeyang Wang & Xuan Wu, 2020. "Research on Mechanism and Control of Floor Heave of Mining-Influenced Roadway in Top Coal Caving Working Face," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-14, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Huaidong Liu & Changyou Liu & Ya’nan Dong, 2022. "Theoretical Study on the Mechanism of Asymmetrical Large Deformation of Heading Roadway Facing Mining," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-22, November.
    2. Kamil Szewerda & Jarosław Tokarczyk & Andrzej Wieczorek, 2021. "Impact of Increased Travel Speed of a Transportation Set on the Dynamic Parameters of a Mine Suspended Monorail," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-15, March.
    3. Piotr Małkowski & Łukasz Ostrowski & Jerzy Stasica, 2022. "Modeling of Floor Heave in Underground Roadways in Dry and Waterlogged Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-27, June.
    4. Krzysztof Krauze & Kamil Mucha & Tomasz Wydro & Ryszard Klempka & Andrzej Kutnik & Waldemar Hałas & Piotr Ruda, 2022. "Determining the Stability of a Mobile Manipulator for the Transport and Assembly of Arches in the Yielding Arch Support," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-17, April.
    5. Deqiu Wang & Yun Zheng & Fulian He & Jiayu Song & Jianlong Zhang & Yanhao Wu & Pengpeng Jia & Xiaohui Wang & Baoping Liu & Feifei Wang & Yajiang Zhang & Kai Tao, 2023. "Mechanism and Control of Asymmetric Floor Heave in the Gob-Side Coal Roadway under Mining Pressure in Extra-Thick Coal Seams," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-19, June.

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