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Modeling of Floor Heave in Underground Roadways in Dry and Waterlogged Conditions

Author

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  • Piotr Małkowski

    (Department of Geomechanics, Civil Engineering and Geotechnics, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Resource Management, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

  • Łukasz Ostrowski

    (Department of Geomechanics, Civil Engineering and Geotechnics, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Resource Management, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

  • Jerzy Stasica

    (Department of Mining Engineering and Occupational Safety, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Resource Management, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

Abstract

Floor heaving is a phenomenon that occurs in almost all mining roadways and tunnels. It can restrain the advance of the heading face or cause serious problems during roadway use. The highest levels of floor uplifting are observed in coal mines, which can reduce the output or even stop it altogether. The floor heaving intensity depends on the rock type, the stress in the rock mass, and rocks’ mechanical properties. Floor deformation develops when the secondary state of stress is formed around the working, and it is much higher and more dynamic in the case of waterlogged rocks. The presence of water increases the floor’s propensity to heave, especially clay rocks, such as claystones or mudstones, if they include water-absorbed minerals. In this paper, we present a new modeling methodology for roadway floor heave. The modeling covers a dry floor condition in which the parameters of the Hoek-Brown failure criterion are gradually lowered over time, and a waterlogged floor condition, in which the strength and strain parameters of the rocks are gradually reduced in line with their progressive saturation. In the second case, the claystone floor’s geomechanical parameters were investigated, and the rocks were subjected to water for up to 24 h. The results of the numerical simulation were compared with the in situ measurements of convergence and floor heave in the same coal mines from which the rock samples were collected. The consistency between the numerical simulations and the underground measurements reached 90–99%.

Suggested Citation

  • Piotr Małkowski & Łukasz Ostrowski & Jerzy Stasica, 2022. "Modeling of Floor Heave in Underground Roadways in Dry and Waterlogged Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-27, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:12:p:4340-:d:838463
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gangye Guo & Hongpu Kang & Deyu Qian & Fuqiang Gao & Yang Wang, 2018. "Mechanism for Controlling Floor Heave of Mining Roadways Using Reinforcing Roof and Sidewalls in Underground Coal Mine," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-15, May.
    2. Peng Gong & Zhanguo Ma & Xiaoyan Ni & Ray Ruichong Zhang, 2017. "Floor Heave Mechanism of Gob-Side Entry Retaining with Fully-Mechanized Backfilling Mining," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-19, December.
    3. Piotr Małkowski & Łukasz Ostrowski & Łukasz Bednarek, 2020. "The Effect of Selected Factors on Floor Upheaval in Roadways—In Situ Testing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-23, October.
    4. Xingping Lai & Huicong Xu & Pengfei Shan & Yanlei Kang & Zeyang Wang & Xuan Wu, 2020. "Research on Mechanism and Control of Floor Heave of Mining-Influenced Roadway in Top Coal Caving Working Face," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-14, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Xuerui Yang & Fenghai Yu & Chengfu Ma & Tao Zhang & Bo Wang & Xin Zhao, 2023. "Study on Floor Heave Characteristics and the Control Method of Gob-Side Entry Driving in Weakly Cemented Soft Rock," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-16, February.
    2. Łukasz Bołoz & Zbigniew Rak & Jerzy Stasica, 2022. "Comparative Analysis of the Failure Rates of Shearer and Plow Systems—A Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-17, August.
    3. Deqiu Wang & Yun Zheng & Fulian He & Jiayu Song & Jianlong Zhang & Yanhao Wu & Pengpeng Jia & Xiaohui Wang & Baoping Liu & Feifei Wang & Yajiang Zhang & Kai Tao, 2023. "Mechanism and Control of Asymmetric Floor Heave in the Gob-Side Coal Roadway under Mining Pressure in Extra-Thick Coal Seams," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-19, June.

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