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Arm Power Control of the Modular Multilevel Converter in Photovoltaic Applications

Author

Listed:
  • Anirudh Budnar Acharya

    (Department of Electric Power Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway)

  • Mattia Ricco

    (Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy)

  • Dezso Sera

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Remus Teodorescu

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Lars Einar Norum

    (Department of Electric Power Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway)

Abstract

In this paper, a control method is proposed that allows the extraction of maximum power from each individual photovoltaic string connected to the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) and inject balanced power to the AC grid. The MMC solution used does not need additional DC–DC converters for the maximum power point tracking. In the MMC, the photovoltaic strings are connected directly to the sub-modules. It is shown that the proposed inverter solution can provide balanced three-phase output power despite an unbalanced power generation. The maximum power of the photovoltaic string is effectively harnessed due to the increased granularity of the maximum power point tracking. An algorithm that tracks the sub-module capacitor voltages to their respective voltage references is proposed. A detailed modeling and control method for balanced operation of the proposed topology is discussed. The operation of the MMC under unbalanced power generation is discussed. Simulation results are provided that show the effectiveness of the proposed control under unequal irradiance.

Suggested Citation

  • Anirudh Budnar Acharya & Mattia Ricco & Dezso Sera & Remus Teodorescu & Lars Einar Norum, 2019. "Arm Power Control of the Modular Multilevel Converter in Photovoltaic Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-23, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:9:p:1620-:d:226784
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cabrera-Tobar, Ana & Bullich-Massagué, Eduard & Aragüés-Peñalba, Mònica & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol, 2016. "Topologies for large scale photovoltaic power plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 309-319.
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    Cited by:

    1. Zaid A. Aljawary & Santiago de Pablo & Luis Carlos Herrero-de Lucas & Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo, 2020. "Local Carrier PWM for Modular Multilevel Converters with Distributed PV Cells and Circulating Current Reduction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-21, October.
    2. Mauricio Muñoz-Ramírez & Hugo Valderrama-Blavi & Marco Rivera & Carlos Restrepo, 2019. "An Approach to Natural Sampling Using a Digital Sampling Technique for SPWM Multilevel Inverter Modulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-16, July.
    3. Anirudh Budnar Acharya & Dezso Sera & Remus Teodorescu & Lars Einar Norum, 2020. "Modular Multilevel Converter for Photovoltaic Application with High Energy Yield under Uneven Irradiance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-16, May.
    4. Stefano Farnesi & Mario Marchesoni & Massimiliano Passalacqua & Luis Vaccaro, 2019. "Solid-State Transformers in Locomotives Fed through AC Lines: A Review and Future Developments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-29, December.
    5. Murthy Priya & Pathipooranam Ponnambalam, 2022. "Circulating Current Control of Phase-Shifted Carrier-Based Modular Multilevel Converter Fed by Fuel Cell Employing Fuzzy Logic Control Technique," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-26, August.
    6. Mario Lopez & Hendrik Fehr & Marcelo A. Perez & Albrecht Gensior, 2021. "Pareto Frontier of the Arm Energy Ripple and the Conduction Losses of a Modular Multilevel Converter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-20, January.

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