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The Modelling and Experimental Validation of a Cryogenic Packed Bed Regenerator for Liquid Air Energy Storage Applications

Author

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  • Robert Morgan

    (Advanced Engineering Centre, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UK)

  • Christian Rota

    (Advanced Engineering Centre, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UK)

  • Emily Pike-Wilson

    (Advanced Engineering Centre, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UK)

  • Tim Gardhouse

    (Highview Power, London EC1Y 0TH, UK)

  • Cian Quinn

    (Highview Power, London EC1Y 0TH, UK)

Abstract

Electrical energy storage will play a key role in the transition to a low carbon energy network. Liquid air energy storage (LAES) is a thermal–mechanical energy storage technology that converts electricity to thermal energy. This energy is stored in three ways: as latent heat in a tank of liquid air, as warm sensible heat in a hot tank and as cold sensible heat in a packed bed regenerator (PBR), which is the focus of this paper. A PBR was selected because the temperature range (−196 °C to 10 °C) prohibits storage in liquid media, as most fluids will undergo a phase change over a near 200 °C temperature range. A change of phase in the storage media would result in exergy destruction and loss of efficiency of the LAES device. Gravel was selected as the storage media, as (a) many gravels are compatible with cryogenic temperatures and (b) the low cost of the material if it can be used with minimal pre-treatment. PBRs have been extensively studied and modelled such as the work by Schumann, described by Wilmott and later by White. However, these models have not been applied to and validated for a low temperature store using gravel. In the present research, a comprehensive modelling and experimental program was undertaken to produce a validated model of a low-temperature PBR. This included a study of the low-temperature properties of various candidate gravels, implementation of a modified Schumann model and validation using a laboratory scale packed bed regenerator. Two sizes of gravel at a range of flow rates were tested. Good agreement between the predicted and measured temperature fields in the PBR was achieved when a correlation factor was applied to account for short circuiting of the storage media through flow around the interface between the walls of the regenerator and storage media.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert Morgan & Christian Rota & Emily Pike-Wilson & Tim Gardhouse & Cian Quinn, 2020. "The Modelling and Experimental Validation of a Cryogenic Packed Bed Regenerator for Liquid Air Energy Storage Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-17, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:19:p:5155-:d:423335
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Qi, Meng & Park, Jinwoo & Lee, Inkyu & Moon, Il, 2022. "Liquid air as an emerging energy vector towards carbon neutrality: A multi-scale systems perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    2. Tafone, Alessio & Romagnoli, Alessandro, 2023. "A novel liquid air energy storage system integrated with a cascaded latent heat cold thermal energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    3. Wang, Kaiwen & Tong, Lige & Yin, Shaowu & Yang, Yan & Zhang, Peikun & Liu, Chuanping & Zuo, Zhongqi & Wang, Li & Ding, Yulong, 2024. "Novel ASU–LAES system with flexible energy release: Analysis of cycle performance, economics, and peak shaving advantages," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    4. Ayah Marwan Rabi & Jovana Radulovic & James M. Buick, 2023. "Comprehensive Review of Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) Technologies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-19, August.
    5. Olivkar, Piyush R. & Katekar, Vikrant P. & Deshmukh, Sandip S. & Palatkar, Sanyukta V., 2022. "Effect of sensible heat storage materials on the thermal performance of solar air heaters: State-of-the-art review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    6. Tafone, Alessio & Borri, Emiliano & Cabeza, Luisa F. & Romagnoli, Alessandro, 2021. "Innovative cryogenic Phase Change Material (PCM) based cold thermal energy storage for Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) – Numerical dynamic modelling and experimental study of a packed bed unit," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 301(C).
    7. Giorgio Cau & Mario Petrollese & Vittorio Tola, 2022. "Modeling, Optimization and Testing of Thermal Energy Storage Systems and Their Integration in Energy Conversion Processes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-3, February.

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