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Understanding Sub and Supercritical Cryogenic Fluid Dynamics in Conditions Relevant to Novel Ultra Low Emission Engines

Author

Listed:
  • Jaya Madana Gopal

    (Advanced Engineering Centre, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UK)

  • Giovanni Tretola

    (Advanced Engineering Centre, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UK)

  • Robert Morgan

    (Advanced Engineering Centre, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UK)

  • Guillaume de Sercey

    (Advanced Engineering Centre, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UK)

  • Andrew Atkins

    (Ricardo Innovations, Shoreham Technical Centre, Shoreham-by-Sea BN43 5FG, UK)

  • Konstantina Vogiatzaki

    (Advanced Engineering Centre, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UK)

Abstract

In this paper we provide insight into the thermophysical properties and the dynamics of cryogenic jets. The motivation of the work is to optimise the use of cryogenic fluids in novel ultra low emission engines. For demonstration, we use conditions relevant to an internal combustion engine currently being developed by Dolphin N2 and the University of Brighton, the CryoPower recuperated split cycle engine (RSCE). The principle of this engine is a split-cycle combustion concept which can use cryogenic injection in the compression cylinder to achieve isothermal compression and thus help maximise the efficiency of the engine. Combined experimental and numerical findings are presented and the effects of atomisation dynamics of the LN 2 are explored at both sub- and supercritical conditions in order to cover different pressure and temperature conditions representative of the engine compression cycle. For subcritical regimes, we observe that the appearance of the jet coincides with the predicted atomisation regimes based on the Weber, Ohnesorge and Reynolds numbers for other common fluids. For the modelling of supercritical jets, a new methodology within OpenFoam which accounts for Real Fluid Thermodynamics has been developed and the jet behaviour under various pressure and temperature conditions has been investigated. To our knowledge this is the first study where a cryogenic spray process evolution is examined for conditions relevant to the ones prevailing in a compression chamber accounting for both sub and supercritical conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Jaya Madana Gopal & Giovanni Tretola & Robert Morgan & Guillaume de Sercey & Andrew Atkins & Konstantina Vogiatzaki, 2020. "Understanding Sub and Supercritical Cryogenic Fluid Dynamics in Conditions Relevant to Novel Ultra Low Emission Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-25, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:12:p:3038-:d:370512
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Coney, M.W. & Linnemann, C. & Abdallah, H.S., 2004. "A thermodynamic analysis of a novel high efficiency reciprocating internal combustion engine—the isoengine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 29(12), pages 2585-2600.
    2. Dong, Guangyu & Morgan, Robert & Heikal, Morgan, 2015. "A novel split cycle internal combustion engine with integral waste heat recovery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 744-753.
    3. Dong, Guangyu & Morgan, Robert E. & Heikal, Morgan R., 2016. "Thermodynamic analysis and system design of a novel split cycle engine concept," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 576-585.
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    Cited by:

    1. Robert Morgan & Christian Rota & Emily Pike-Wilson & Tim Gardhouse & Cian Quinn, 2020. "The Modelling and Experimental Validation of a Cryogenic Packed Bed Regenerator for Liquid Air Energy Storage Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-17, October.
    2. Jaya Vignesh Madana Gopal & Robert Morgan & Guillaume De Sercey & Konstantina Vogiatzaki, 2023. "Overview of Common Thermophysical Property Modelling Approaches for Cryogenic Fluid Simulations at Supercritical Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-30, January.
    3. Simon A. Harvey & Konstantina Vogiatzaki & Guillaume de Sercey & William Redpath & Robert E. Morgan, 2021. "Starting to Unpick the Unique Air–Fuel Mixing Dynamics in the Recuperated Split Cycle Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-20, April.
    4. Bittagowdanahalli Manjegowda Ningegowda & Faniry Nadia Zazaravaka Rahantamialisoa & Adrian Pandal & Hrvoje Jasak & Hong Geun Im & Michele Battistoni, 2020. "Numerical Modeling of Transcritical and Supercritical Fuel Injections Using a Multi-Component Two-Phase Flow Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-27, October.
    5. Robert Keser & Alberto Ceschin & Michele Battistoni & Hong G. Im & Hrvoje Jasak, 2020. "Development of a Eulerian Multi-Fluid Solver for Dense Spray Applications in OpenFOAM," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-18, September.

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