IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v13y2020i18p4913-d415990.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Variational Control Approach to Energy Extraction from a Fluid Flow

Author

Listed:
  • Gianluca Pepe

    (Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00164 Rome, Italy)

  • Federica Mezzani

    (Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00164 Rome, Italy)

  • Antonio Carcaterra

    (Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00164 Rome, Italy)

  • Luca Cedola

    (Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00164 Rome, Italy)

  • Franco Rispoli

    (Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00164 Rome, Italy)

Abstract

Energy harvesting from the environment is an important aspect of many technologies. The scale of energy capturing and storage can involve the power range from mWatt up to MWatt, depending on the used devices and the considered environments (from ambient acoustic and vibration to ocean wave motion, or wind). In this paper, the wind turbine energy harvesting problem is approached as an optimal control problem, where the objective function is the absorption of an amount of energy in a given time interval by a fluid-flow environment, that should be maximized. The interest relies on outlining general control models of fluid-flow-based extraction plants and identifying an optimum strategy for the regulation of an electrical machine to obtain a maximum-efficiency process for the related energy storage. The mathematical tools are found in the light of optimal control theory, where solutions to the fundamental equations are in the frame of Variational Control (the basis of the Pontryagin optimal control theory). A special problem, named Optimally Controlled Betz’s Machine OCBM-optimal control steady wind turbine, is solved in closed form, and it is shown that, in the simpler steady case, it reproduces the maximum efficiency machine developed in Betz’s theory.

Suggested Citation

  • Gianluca Pepe & Federica Mezzani & Antonio Carcaterra & Luca Cedola & Franco Rispoli, 2020. "Variational Control Approach to Energy Extraction from a Fluid Flow," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-20, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:18:p:4913-:d:415990
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/18/4913/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/18/4913/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Wakui, Tetsuya & Yoshimura, Motoki & Yokoyama, Ryohei, 2017. "Multiple-feedback control of power output and platform pitching motion for a floating offshore wind turbine-generator system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 563-578.
    2. Jin, Xin & Ju, Wenbin & Zhang, Zhaolong & Guo, Lianxin & Yang, Xiangang, 2016. "System safety analysis of large wind turbines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 1293-1307.
    3. Serri, Laura & Lembo, Ettore & Airoldi, Davide & Gelli, Camilla & Beccarello, Massimo, 2018. "Wind energy plants repowering potential in Italy: technical-economic assessment," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 382-390.
    4. Akram, Umer & Nadarajah, Mithulananthan & Shah, Rakibuzzaman & Milano, Federico, 2020. "A review on rapid responsive energy storage technologies for frequency regulation in modern power systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    5. Lin, Zhongwei & Chen, Zhenyu & Wu, Qiuwei & Yang, Shuo & Meng, Hongmin, 2018. "Coordinated pitch & torque control of large-scale wind turbine based on Pareto efficiency analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 812-825.
    6. Koh, J.H. & Ng, E.Y.K., 2016. "Downwind offshore wind turbines: Opportunities, trends and technical challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 797-808.
    7. Song, Dongran & Yang, Jian & Dong, Mi & Joo, Young Hoon, 2017. "Model predictive control with finite control set for variable-speed wind turbines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 564-572.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Xiaobing Kong & Lele Ma & Xiangjie Liu & Mohamed Abdelkarim Abdelbaky & Qian Wu, 2020. "Wind Turbine Control Using Nonlinear Economic Model Predictive Control over All Operating Regions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-21, January.
    2. Song, Dongran & Liu, Junbo & Yang, Yinggang & Yang, Jian & Su, Mei & Wang, Yun & Gui, Ning & Yang, Xuebing & Huang, Lingxiang & Hoon Joo, Young, 2021. "Maximum wind energy extraction of large-scale wind turbines using nonlinear model predictive control via Yin-Yang grey wolf optimization algorithm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    3. Shan, Kui & Wang, Shengwei & Zhuang, Chaoqun, 2021. "Controlling a large constant speed centrifugal chiller to provide grid frequency regulation: A validation based on onsite tests," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    4. Meng, Haoran & Ma, Zhe & Dou, Bingzheng & Zeng, Pan & Lei, Liping, 2020. "Investigation on the performance of a novel forward-folding rotor used in a downwind horizontal-axis turbine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    5. Francisco Haces-Fernandez, 2020. "GoWInD: Wind Energy Spatiotemporal Assessment and Characterization of End-of-Life Activities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-20, November.
    6. Wenhui Wei & Abdollah Malekjafarian & M. Salauddin, 2024. "Scour Protection Measures for Offshore Wind Turbines: A Systematic Literature Review on Recent Developments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-28, February.
    7. Giacomo Di Foggia & Massimo Beccarello & Marco Borgarello & Francesca Bazzocchi & Stefano Moscarelli, 2022. "Market-Based Instruments to Promote Energy Efficiency: Insights from the Italian Case," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-16, October.
    8. Chang, Hong & Li, Deyou & Zhang, Ruiyi & Wang, Hongjie & He, Yurong & Zuo, Zhigang & Liu, Shuhong, 2024. "Effect of discontinuous biomimetic leading-edge protuberances on the performance of vertical axis wind turbines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 364(C).
    9. Tobi Elusakin & Mahmood Shafiee & Tosin Adedipe & Fateme Dinmohammadi, 2021. "A Stochastic Petri Net Model for O&M Planning of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-18, February.
    10. Truong, Hoai Vu Anh & Dang, Tri Dung & Vo, Cong Phat & Ahn, Kyoung Kwan, 2022. "Active control strategies for system enhancement and load mitigation of floating offshore wind turbines: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    11. Wang, Yangwei & Lin, Jiahuan & Zhang, Jun, 2022. "Investigation of a new analytical wake prediction method for offshore floating wind turbines considering an accurate incoming wind flow," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 827-849.
    12. Wu, Chutian & Yang, Xiaolei & Zhu, Yaxin, 2021. "On the design of potential turbine positions for physics-informed optimization of wind farm layout," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 1108-1120.
    13. Yao Liu & Lin Guan & Fang Guo & Jianping Zheng & Jianfu Chen & Chao Liu & Josep M. Guerrero, 2019. "A Reactive Power-Voltage Control Strategy of an AC Microgrid Based on Adaptive Virtual Impedance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-15, August.
    14. Francisco Haces-Fernandez, 2021. "Higher Wind: Highlighted Expansion Opportunities to Repower Wind Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-19, November.
    15. Haojie Kang & Bofeng Xu & Xiang Shen & Zhen Li & Xin Cai & Zhiqiang Hu, 2023. "Comparison of Blade Aeroelastic Responses between Upwind and Downwind of 10 MW Wind Turbines under the Shear Wind Condition," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-13, March.
    16. Moez Krichen & Yasir Basheer & Saeed Mian Qaisar & Asad Waqar, 2023. "A Survey on Energy Storage: Techniques and Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-29, February.
    17. Jijian Lian & Ou Cai & Xiaofeng Dong & Qi Jiang & Yue Zhao, 2019. "Health Monitoring and Safety Evaluation of the Offshore Wind Turbine Structure: A Review and Discussion of Future Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-29, January.
    18. Lei, Hang & Su, Jie & Bao, Yan & Chen, Yaoran & Han, Zhaolong & Zhou, Dai, 2019. "Investigation of wake characteristics for the offshore floating vertical axis wind turbines in pitch and surge motions of platforms," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 471-489.
    19. Luis M. Abadie & Nestor Goicoechea, 2021. "Old Wind Farm Life Extension vs. Full Repowering: A Review of Economic Issues and a Stochastic Application for Spain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-24, June.
    20. Xue, Jie & Yip, Tsz Leung & Wu, Bing & Wu, Chaozhong & van Gelder, P.H.A.J.M., 2021. "A novel fuzzy Bayesian network-based MADM model for offshore wind turbine selection in busy waterways: An application to a case in China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 897-917.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:18:p:4913-:d:415990. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.