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Fast Transactive Control for Frequency Regulation in Smart Grids with Demand Response and Energy Storage

Author

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  • Andrew Ly

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA)

  • Saeid Bashash

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA)

Abstract

This paper proposes a framework for controlling grid frequency by engaging the generation-side and demand-side resources simultaneously, via a fast transactive control approach. First, we use a proportional frequency-price relation to build and analyze a transactive frequency droop controller for a single-area power grid. Then, we develop a transactive demand response system by incorporating a large population of thermostatically controlled air conditioning loads. A proportional-integral controller is used to adjust the setpoint temperature of the air conditioners based on price variations. A battery storage system is then developed and augmented to the system to capture the energy arbitrage effects. A nonlinear price-responsive battery management system is developed to enable effective charging and discharging operations within the battery’s state-of-charge and power constraints. Simulation results indicate that the proposed transactive control system improves the steady-state and transient response of the grid to sudden perturbations in the supply and demand equilibrium. To decouple frequency from price during daily operation and maintain frequency near the nominal value, we propose adding a feedforward price broadcast signal to the control loop based on the net demand measurement. Through various simulations, we conclude that a combination of feedback transactive controller with feedforward price broadcast scheme provides an effective solution for the simultaneous generation-side and demand-side energy management and frequency control in smart power grids.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrew Ly & Saeid Bashash, 2020. "Fast Transactive Control for Frequency Regulation in Smart Grids with Demand Response and Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-23, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:18:p:4771-:d:412823
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Saeid Bashash & Kai Lun Lee, 2019. "Automatic Coordination of Internet-Connected Thermostats for Power Balancing and Frequency Control in Smart Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-23, May.
    2. Sahraei, Nasim & Looney, Erin E. & Watson, Sterling M. & Peters, Ian Marius & Buonassisi, Tonio, 2018. "Adaptive power consumption improves the reliability of solar-powered devices for internet of things," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C), pages 322-329.
    3. Mohammed M. Olama & Teja Kuruganti & James Nutaro & Jin Dong, 2018. "Coordination and Control of Building HVAC Systems to Provide Frequency Regulation to the Electric Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-15, July.
    4. Tronchin, Lamberto & Manfren, Massimiliano & Nastasi, Benedetto, 2018. "Energy efficiency, demand side management and energy storage technologies – A critical analysis of possible paths of integration in the built environment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 341-353.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Tsybina, Eve & Winstead, Chris & Ollis, Ben & Olama, Mohammed & Kuruganti, Teja, 2025. "Demand response for frequency regulation: Research continuity and knowledge gaps," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    2. Xiong, Chengyan & Sun, Zhe & Meng, Qinglong & Li, Zeyang & Wei, Yingan & Zhao, Fan & Jiang, Le, 2022. "A simplified improved transactive control of air-conditioning demand response for determining room set-point temperature: Experimental studies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    3. Hossein Abedini & Tommaso Caldognetto & Paolo Mattavelli & Paolo Tenti, 2020. "Real-Time Validation of Power Flow Control Method for Enhanced Operation of Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-19, November.
    4. Hyung-Seung Kim & Junho Hong & In-Sun Choi, 2021. "Implementation of Distributed Autonomous Control Based Battery Energy Storage System for Frequency Regulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-19, May.
    5. Luciana Marques & Wadaed Uturbey & Miguel Heleno, 2021. "An Integer Non-Cooperative Game Approach for the Transactive Control of Thermal Appliances in Energy Communities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-22, October.
    6. Rehman, Obaid Ur & Khan, Shahid A. & Javaid, Nadeem, 2021. "Decoupled building-to-transmission-network for frequency support in PV systems dominated grid," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 930-945.
    7. Hasan M. Salman & Jagadeesh Pasupuleti & Ahmad H. Sabry, 2023. "Review on Causes of Power Outages and Their Occurrence: Mitigation Strategies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-34, October.
    8. Amar Kumar Barik & Dulal Chandra Das & Abdul Latif & S. M. Suhail Hussain & Taha Selim Ustun, 2021. "Optimal Voltage–Frequency Regulation in Distributed Sustainable Energy-Based Hybrid Microgrids with Integrated Resource Planning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-26, May.

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