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Characterization of Chemically and Physically Activated Carbons from Lignocellulosic Ethanol Lignin-Rich Stream via Hydrothermal Carbonization and Slow Pyrolysis Pretreatment

Author

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  • Edoardo Miliotti

    (Renewable Energy Consortium for Research and Demonstration—RE-CORD, Viale Kennedy 182, Scarperia, 50038 Florence, Italy)

  • Luca Rosi

    (Renewable Energy Consortium for Research and Demonstration—RE-CORD, Viale Kennedy 182, Scarperia, 50038 Florence, Italy
    Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy)

  • Lorenzo Bettucci

    (Renewable Energy Consortium for Research and Demonstration—RE-CORD, Viale Kennedy 182, Scarperia, 50038 Florence, Italy)

  • Giulia Lotti

    (Renewable Energy Consortium for Research and Demonstration—RE-CORD, Viale Kennedy 182, Scarperia, 50038 Florence, Italy)

  • Andrea Maria Rizzo

    (Renewable Energy Consortium for Research and Demonstration—RE-CORD, Viale Kennedy 182, Scarperia, 50038 Florence, Italy)

  • David Chiaramonti

    (Renewable Energy Consortium for Research and Demonstration—RE-CORD, Viale Kennedy 182, Scarperia, 50038 Florence, Italy
    “Galileo Ferraris” Energy Department, Polytechnic of Turin, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Torino, Italy)

Abstract

The aim of the present work is to investigate the possibility of producing activated carbons from the residual lignin stream of lignocellulosic ethanol biorefineries, as this represents an optimal opportunity to exploit a residual and renewable material in the perspective of sustainable bioeconomy, increasing biorefinery incomes by producing value-added bioproducts in conjunction with biofuels. Activated carbons (ACs) were produced via chemical (KOH) and physical (CO 2 ) activation. Char samples were obtained by slow pyrolysis (SP) and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). Several HTC experiments were carried out by varying residence time (0.5–3 h) and reaction temperature (200–270 °C), in order to evaluate their influence on the product yield and on the morphological characteristics of the hydrochar (specific surface area, total pore volume and pore size distribution). ACs from hydrochars were compared with those obtained from pyrochar (via physical activation) and from the raw lignin-rich stream (via chemical activation). In both cases, by increasing the HTC temperature, the specific surface of the resulting activated carbons decreased from 630 to 77 m 2 g −1 for physical activation and from 675 to 81 m 2 g −1 for chemical activation, indicating that an increase in the severity of the hydrothermal pretreatment is deleterious for the activated carbons quality. In addition, the HTC aqueous samples were analyzed, with GC-MS and GC-FID. The results suggest that at low temperatures the reaction mechanisms are dominated by hydrolysis, instead when the temperature is increased to 270 °C, a more complex network of reactions takes place among which decarboxylation.

Suggested Citation

  • Edoardo Miliotti & Luca Rosi & Lorenzo Bettucci & Giulia Lotti & Andrea Maria Rizzo & David Chiaramonti, 2020. "Characterization of Chemically and Physically Activated Carbons from Lignocellulosic Ethanol Lignin-Rich Stream via Hydrothermal Carbonization and Slow Pyrolysis Pretreatment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-17, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:16:p:4101-:d:396099
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kambo, Harpreet Singh & Dutta, Animesh, 2015. "A comparative review of biochar and hydrochar in terms of production, physico-chemical properties and applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 359-378.
    2. Edoardo Miliotti & Stefano Dell’Orco & Giulia Lotti & Andrea Maria Rizzo & Luca Rosi & David Chiaramonti, 2019. "Lignocellulosic Ethanol Biorefinery: Valorization of Lignin-Rich Stream through Hydrothermal Liquefaction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-27, February.
    3. Chiaramonti, David & Goumas, Theodor, 2019. "Impacts on industrial-scale market deployment of advanced biofuels and recycled carbon fuels from the EU Renewable Energy Directive II," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    4. Stefano Dell’Orco & Edoardo Miliotti & Giulia Lotti & Andrea Maria Rizzo & Luca Rosi & David Chiaramonti, 2020. "Hydrothermal Depolymerization of Biorefinery Lignin-Rich Streams: Influence of Reaction Conditions and Catalytic Additives on the Organic Monomers Yields in Biocrude and Aqueous Phase," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-22, March.
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