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Development of a Space Heating Model Suitable for the Automated Model Generation of Existing Multifamily Buildings—A Case Study in Nordic Climate

Author

Listed:
  • Lukas Lundström

    (School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University, 72123 Västerås, Sweden
    Eskilstuna Kommunfastighet AB, 63005 Eskilstuna, Sweden)

  • Jan Akander

    (Division of Building, Energy and Environment Technology, Department of Technology and Environment, University of Gävle, 80176 Gävle, Sweden)

  • Jesús Zambrano

    (School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University, 72123 Västerås, Sweden)

Abstract

Building energy performance modeling is essential for energy planning, management, and efficiency. This paper presents a space heating model suitable for auto-generating baseline models of existing multifamily buildings. Required data and parameter input are kept within such a level of detail that baseline models can be auto-generated from, and calibrated by, publicly accessible data sources. The proposed modeling framework consists of a thermal network, a typical hydronic radiator heating system, a simulation procedure, and data handling procedures. The thermal network is a lumped and simplified version of the ISO 52016-1:2017 standard. The data handling consists of procedures to acquire and make use of satellite-based solar radiation data, meteorological reanalysis data (air temperature, ground temperature, wind, albedo, and thermal radiation), and pre-processing procedures of boundary conditions to account for impact from shading objects, window blinds, wind- and stack-driven air leakage, and variable exterior surface heat transfer coefficients. The proposed model was compared with simulations conducted with the detailed building energy simulation software IDA ICE. The results show that the proposed model is able to accurately reproduce hourly energy use for space heating, indoor temperature, and operative temperature patterns obtained from the IDA ICE simulations. Thus, the proposed model can be expected to be able to model space heating, provided by hydronic heating systems, of existing buildings to a similar degree of confidence as established simulation software. Compared to IDA ICE, the developed model required one-thousandth of computation time for a full-year simulation of building model consisting of a single thermal zone. The fast computation time enables the use of the developed model for computation time sensitive applications, such as Monte-Carlo-based calibration methods.

Suggested Citation

  • Lukas Lundström & Jan Akander & Jesús Zambrano, 2019. "Development of a Space Heating Model Suitable for the Automated Model Generation of Existing Multifamily Buildings—A Case Study in Nordic Climate," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-27, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:3:p:485-:d:203236
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    Cited by:

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    2. Manfren, Massimiliano & Nastasi, Benedetto & Groppi, Daniele & Astiaso Garcia, Davide, 2020. "Open data and energy analytics - An analysis of essential information for energy system planning, design and operation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
    3. Kristian Skeie & Arild Gustavsen, 2021. "Utilising Open Geospatial Data to Refine Weather Variables for Building Energy Performance Evaluation—Incident Solar Radiation and Wind-Driven Infiltration Modelling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-32, February.
    4. Benedetta Grassi & Edoardo Alessio Piana & Gian Paolo Beretta & Mariagrazia Pilotelli, 2020. "Dynamic Approach to Evaluate the Effect of Reducing District Heating Temperature on Indoor Thermal Comfort," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-25, December.
    5. Piotr Michalak, 2021. "Modelling of Solar Irradiance Incident on Building Envelopes in Polish Climatic Conditions: The Impact on Energy Performance Indicators of Residential Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-27, July.
    6. Manfren, Massimiliano & Nastasi, Benedetto & Tronchin, Lamberto & Groppi, Daniele & Garcia, Davide Astiaso, 2021. "Techno-economic analysis and energy modelling as a key enablers for smart energy services and technologies in buildings," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    7. Michał Musiał & Lech Lichołai & Dušan Katunský, 2023. "Modern Thermal Energy Storage Systems Dedicated to Autonomous Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-28, May.
    8. Benalcazar, Pablo, 2021. "Optimal sizing of thermal energy storage systems for CHP plants considering specific investment costs: A case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    9. Florin-Emilian Țurcanu & Cătălin-George Popovici & Marina Verdeș & Vasilică Ciocan & Sebastian-Valeriu Hudișteanu, 2020. "Indoor Climate Modelling and Economic Analysis Regarding the Energetic Rehabilitation of a Church," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-15, June.
    10. Pulkkinen, Jari & Louis, Jean-Nicolas & Debusschere, Vincent & Pongrácz, Eva, 2024. "Near-, medium- and long-term impacts of climate change on the thermal energy consumption of buildings in Finland under RCP climate scenarios," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    11. Piotr Michalak, 2021. "Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Internal Convective and Radiative Heat Transfer Coefficients for a Vertical Wall in a Residential Building," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-22, September.
    12. Lukas Lundström & Jan Akander, 2019. "Bayesian Calibration with Augmented Stochastic State-Space Models of District-Heated Multifamily Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-28, December.
    13. Piotr Michalak, 2023. "Simulation and Experimental Study on the Use of Ventilation Air for Space Heating of a Room in a Low-Energy Building," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-17, April.
    14. Mohammad K. Najjar & Vivian W. Y. Tam & Leandro Torres Di Gregorio & Ana Catarina Jorge Evangelista & Ahmed W. A. Hammad & Assed Haddad, 2019. "Integrating Parametric Analysis with Building Information Modeling to Improve Energy Performance of Construction Projects," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-22, April.
    15. Ohlsson, K.E. Anders & Olofsson, Thomas, 2021. "Benchmarking the practice of validation and uncertainty analysis of building energy models," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).

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