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Optimization of Biodiesel Production Using Nanomagnetic CaO-Based Catalysts with Subcritical Methanol Transesterification of Rubber Seed Oil

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  • Veronica Winoto

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand)

  • Nuttawan Yoswathana

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand)

Abstract

The molar ratio of methanol to rubber seed oil (RSO), catalyst loading, and the reaction time of RSO biodiesel production were optimized in this work. The response surface methodology, using the Box–Behnken design, was analyzed to determine the optimum fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield. The performance of various nanomagnetic CaO-based catalysts—KF/CaO-Fe 3 O 4 , KF/CaO-Fe 3 O 4 -Li (Li additives), and KF/CaO-Fe 3 O 4 -Al (Al additives)—were compared. Rubber seed biodiesel was produced via the transesterification process under subcritical methanol conditions with nanomagnetic catalysts. The experimental results indicated that the KF/CaO-Fe 3 O 4 -Al nanomagnetic catalyst produced the highest FAME yield of 86.79%. The optimum conditions were a 28:1 molar ratio of methanol to RSO, 1.5 wt % catalyst, and 49 min reaction time. Al additives of KF/CaO-Fe 3 O 4 nanomagnetic catalyst enhanced FAME yield without Al up to 18.17% and shortened the reaction time by up to 11 min.

Suggested Citation

  • Veronica Winoto & Nuttawan Yoswathana, 2019. "Optimization of Biodiesel Production Using Nanomagnetic CaO-Based Catalysts with Subcritical Methanol Transesterification of Rubber Seed Oil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-13, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:2:p:230-:d:197252
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    2. Anderson Breno Souza & Alvaro Antonio Villa Ochoa & José Ângelo Peixoto da Costa & Gustavo de Novaes Pires Leite & Héber Claudius Nunes Silva & Andrezza Carolina Carneiro Tómas & David Campos Barbosa , 2023. "A Review of Tropical Organic Materials for Biodiesel as a Substitute Energy Source in Internal Combustion Engines: A Viable Solution?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-25, April.
    3. Dan Dobrotă & Gabriela Dobrotă, 2019. "Reducing of Energy Consumption by Improving the Reclaiming Technology in Autoclave of a Rubber Wastes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-18, April.
    4. Aisien, Felix Aibuedefe & Aisien, Eki Tina, 2023. "Modeling and optimization of transesterification of rubber seed oil using sulfonated CaO derived from giant African land snail (Achatina fulica) catalyst by response surface methodology," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 137-146.

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