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Analysis of the Electrical Quantities Measured by Revenue Meters Under Different Voltage Distortions and the Influences on the Electrical Energy Billing

Author

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  • Roberto Perillo Barbosa da Silva

    (Department of Systems and Energy, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-852, Brazil
    Center for Energy Informatics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark)

  • Rodolfo Quadros

    (Department of Systems and Energy, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-852, Brazil)

  • Hamid Reza Shaker

    (Center for Energy Informatics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark)

  • Luiz Carlos Pereira da Silva

    (Department of Systems and Energy, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-852, Brazil)

Abstract

This paper evaluates the impact of voltage distortion on the electrical quantities measured by revenue meters and the influences on the electrical energy billing. This is done through an experimental setup, which combines the following variables for the first time in an experiment: different total harmonic voltage distortion (THDv) levels; among these levels, different harmonic profiles; and different loads. A programmable alternating current (AC) power source was used in the laboratory to apply voltage signals in three electronic loads: a compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) and two light emitting diode (LED) lighting devices for which voltage signals with THDv 4.9%, 18.8% and 24.5% have been applied. All applied signals contain one or more harmonic order more commonly found in the low voltage grid (3rd, 5th and 7th). For these analyses, a power quality analyzer and a revenue meter were used. The results show that significant and diverse effects on the electrical quantities of individual loads will occur with different THDv levels and harmonic profiles. Comparing with a reference case (sinusoidal condition), when a distorted signal was applied, for the same THDv level, some parameters remained numerically the same, some have improved and some have become worse. This study shows that the effects of combination of the variables such as different THDv level with different harmonic profiles on electrical quantities of loads are not as clear as the effects of considering only one variable. The results of this paper shed light on such effects.

Suggested Citation

  • Roberto Perillo Barbosa da Silva & Rodolfo Quadros & Hamid Reza Shaker & Luiz Carlos Pereira da Silva, 2019. "Analysis of the Electrical Quantities Measured by Revenue Meters Under Different Voltage Distortions and the Influences on the Electrical Energy Billing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-18, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:24:p:4757-:d:297604
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yap Hoon & Mohd Amran Mohd Radzi & Mohd Khair Hassan & Nashiren Farzilah Mailah, 2017. "Control Algorithms of Shunt Active Power Filter for Harmonics Mitigation: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-29, December.
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    3. Miroslaw Wlas & Stanislaw Galla, 2018. "The Influence of LED Lighting Sources on the Nature of Power Factor," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-12, June.
    4. Natthanon Phannil & Chaiyan Jettanasen & Atthapol Ngaopitakkul, 2018. "Harmonics and Reduction of Energy Consumption in Lighting Systems by Using LED Lamps," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-27, November.
    5. Alberto Dolara & Sonia Leva, 2012. "Power Quality and Harmonic Analysis of End User Devices," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(12), pages 1-14, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. da Silva, Roberto Perillo Barbosa & Quadros, Rodolfo & Shaker, Hamid Reza & da Silva, Luiz Carlos Pereira, 2020. "Effects of mixed electronic loads on the electrical energy systems considering different loading conditions with focus on power quality and billing issues," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    2. Łukasz Michalec & Michał Jasiński & Tomasz Sikorski & Zbigniew Leonowicz & Łukasz Jasiński & Vishnu Suresh, 2021. "Impact of Harmonic Currents of Nonlinear Loads on Power Quality of a Low Voltage Network–Review and Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-19, June.
    3. Renan Quijano Cetina & Yljon Seferi & Steven M. Blair & Paul S. Wright, 2021. "Energy Metering Integrated Circuit Behavior beyond Standards Requirements," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-19, January.

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