IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v12y2019i24p4691-d296044.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

It Works—Long-Term Performance Measurement and Optimization of Six Ground Source Heat Pump Systems in Germany

Author

Listed:
  • Franziska Bockelmann

    (Steinbeis-Innovationszentrum energie+, Mühlenpfordtstraße 23, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany)

  • M. Norbert Fisch

    (Steinbeis-Innovationszentrum energie+, Mühlenpfordtstraße 23, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany)

Abstract

Long-term studies of ground source heat pump (GSHP) heating and cooling systems for six different buildings (commercial, institutional and multi-family buildings) were conducted in Germany by Steinbeis-Innovationszentrum (SIZ) energy+. Three of them are equipped with borehole heat exchangers, and the others use energy piles as heat exchangers. This paper deals with a demonstration of the investigated buildings, the measured values and performance, and the obtained results include important findings and experiences, problems encountered and possible preventive measures to avoid mistakes. After ten years of operation, it can be stated that the systems work and achieve their planned efficiency but require constant control and regulation to avoid faulty operation. An analysis of the implemented control strategies shows that, for all these heating and cooling systems, holistically coordinated control strategies that are verified during commissioning are required.

Suggested Citation

  • Franziska Bockelmann & M. Norbert Fisch, 2019. "It Works—Long-Term Performance Measurement and Optimization of Six Ground Source Heat Pump Systems in Germany," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-22, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:24:p:4691-:d:296044
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/24/4691/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/24/4691/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Naicker, Selvaraj S. & Rees, Simon J., 2018. "Performance analysis of a large geothermal heating and cooling system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 429-442.
    2. Jeffrey D. Spitler & Signhild Gehlin, 2019. "Measured Performance of a Mixed-Use Commercial-Building Ground Source Heat Pump System in Sweden," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-34, May.
    3. Atam, Ercan & Helsen, Lieve, 2016. "Ground-coupled heat pumps: Part 2—Literature review and research challenges in optimal design," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1668-1684.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Hao Liu & Hongyi Zhang & Saqib Javed, 2020. "Long-Term Performance Measurement and Analysis of a Small-Scale Ground Source Heat Pump System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-30, September.
    2. Liu, Xin & Zuo, Yuning & Yin, Zekai & Liang, Chuanzhi & Feng, Guohui & Yang, Xiaodan, 2023. "Research on an evaluation system of the application effect of ground source heat pump systems for green buildings in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PA).
    3. Elżbieta Hałaj & Leszek Pająk & Bartosz Papiernik, 2020. "Finite Element Modeling of Geothermal Source of Heat Pump in Long-Term Operation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-18, March.
    4. Oleg Todorov & Kari Alanne & Markku Virtanen & Risto Kosonen, 2021. "A Novel Data Management Methodology and Case Study for Monitoring and Performance Analysis of Large-Scale Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) and Borehole Thermal Energy Storage (BTES) System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-25, March.
    5. Antonio Rosato & Antonio Ciervo & Giovanni Ciampi & Michelangelo Scorpio & Sergio Sibilio, 2020. "Integration of Micro-Cogeneration Units and Electric Storages into a Micro-Scale Residential Solar District Heating System Operating with a Seasonal Thermal Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-40, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hao Liu & Hongyi Zhang & Saqib Javed, 2020. "Long-Term Performance Measurement and Analysis of a Small-Scale Ground Source Heat Pump System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-30, September.
    2. Oleg Todorov & Kari Alanne & Markku Virtanen & Risto Kosonen, 2021. "A Novel Data Management Methodology and Case Study for Monitoring and Performance Analysis of Large-Scale Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) and Borehole Thermal Energy Storage (BTES) System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-25, March.
    3. Launay, S. & Kadoch, B. & Le Métayer, O. & Parrado, C., 2019. "Analysis strategy for multi-criteria optimization: Application to inter-seasonal solar heat storage for residential building needs," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 419-434.
    4. Liu, Xin & Zuo, Yuning & Yin, Zekai & Liang, Chuanzhi & Feng, Guohui & Yang, Xiaodan, 2023. "Research on an evaluation system of the application effect of ground source heat pump systems for green buildings in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PA).
    5. Laura Canale & Anna Rita Di Fazio & Mario Russo & Andrea Frattolillo & Marco Dell’Isola, 2021. "An Overview on Functional Integration of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems in Multi-Energy Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-33, February.
    6. Luo, Jin & Zhang, Qi & Liang, Changming & Wang, Haiqi & Ma, Xinning, 2023. "An overview of the recent development of the Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) system in China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 269-279.
    7. Xu, Lingling & Pu, Liang & Angelo, Zarrella & Zhang, Derun & Dai, Minghao & Zhang, Shengqi, 2022. "An experimental investigation on performance of microencapsulated phase change material slurry in ground heat exchanger," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 296-305.
    8. Gianluca Serale & Massimo Fiorentini & Alfonso Capozzoli & Daniele Bernardini & Alberto Bemporad, 2018. "Model Predictive Control (MPC) for Enhancing Building and HVAC System Energy Efficiency: Problem Formulation, Applications and Opportunities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-35, March.
    9. Félix Ruiz-Calvo & Carla Montagud & Antonio Cazorla-Marín & José M. Corberán, 2017. "Development and Experimental Validation of a TRNSYS Dynamic Tool for Design and Energy Optimization of Ground Source Heat Pump Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-21, September.
    10. Riccardo Fraboni & Gianluca Grazieschi & Simon Pezzutto & Benjamin Mitterrutzner & Eric Wilczynski, 2023. "Environmental Assessment of Residential Space Heating and Cooling Technologies in Europe: A Review of 11 European Member States," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-22, February.
    11. Davide Menegazzo & Giulia Lombardo & Sergio Bobbo & Michele De Carli & Laura Fedele, 2022. "State of the Art, Perspective and Obstacles of Ground-Source Heat Pump Technology in the European Building Sector: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-25, April.
    12. Tang, Fujiao & Nowamooz, Hossein, 2019. "Sensitive analysis on the effective soil thermal conductivity of the Thermal Response Test considering various testing times, field conditions and U-pipe lengths," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 1732-1743.
    13. Claudia Naldi & Enzo Zanchini, 2019. "Full-Time-Scale Fluid-to-Ground Thermal Response of a Borefield with Uniform Fluid Temperature," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-18, September.
    14. Javed, Saqib & Spitler, Jeffrey, 2017. "Accuracy of borehole thermal resistance calculation methods for grouted single U-tube ground heat exchangers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 790-806.
    15. Song, Wei & Wang, Jing & Jin, Yue & Zheng, Changjin & Zhang, Bo, 2023. "Optimization of the thermal response test under voltage fluctuations based on the infinite line source model," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 731-740.
    16. Carotenuto, Alberto & Ciccolella, Michela & Massarotti, Nicola & Mauro, Alessandro, 2016. "Models for thermo-fluid dynamic phenomena in low enthalpy geothermal energy systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 330-355.
    17. Jeffrey D. Spitler & Signhild Gehlin, 2019. "Measured Performance of a Mixed-Use Commercial-Building Ground Source Heat Pump System in Sweden," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-34, May.
    18. Beaudry, Gabrielle & Pasquier, Philippe & Marcotte, Denis & Zarrella, Angelo, 2022. "Flow rate control in standing column wells: A flexible solution for reducing the energy use and peak power demand of the built environment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    19. Ercan Atam & Se-Woon Hong & Alessia Arteconi, 2020. "Thermofluid Modelling of Large-Scale Orchards for Optimal Design and Control of Active Frost Prevention Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-17, January.
    20. Hauke F. Deeken & Alexandra Lengling & Manuel S. Krommweh & Wolfgang Büscher, 2023. "Improvement of Piglet Rearing’s Energy Efficiency and Sustainability Using Air-to-Air Heat Exchangers—A Two-Year Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-30, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:24:p:4691-:d:296044. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.