IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v313y2022ics0306261922002203.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Flow rate control in standing column wells: A flexible solution for reducing the energy use and peak power demand of the built environment

Author

Listed:
  • Beaudry, Gabrielle
  • Pasquier, Philippe
  • Marcotte, Denis
  • Zarrella, Angelo

Abstract

Standing column wells offer a generous and flexible solution to improve the energy efficiency of the built environment. As these systems behavior is strongly affected by groundwater advection, the acute challenge of predicting their thermal evolution with both accuracy and computational efficiency has so far hindered the development of design tools and optimized control strategies. In this work, a powerful simulation algorithm is implemented and applied to the performance assessment of multi-borehole standing column well systems located in a heterogeneous geological environment and operating under various constant and dynamic flow rate control strategies. The iterative algorithm relies on the non-stationary convolution technique to simulate the underground components, and the EnergyPlus approach to represent the heat pump efficiency at full and part loads. The findings suggest that using higher flow rates in peak conditions is a key element that minimizes auxiliary assistance and power demand. Complementary variable flow rate control aiming to maintain a 2 °C temperature difference across the plate heat exchanger has shown to alleviate groundwater usage and generate at least 8%–11% annual energy savings compared with constant flow. This operating strategy allowed the systems to deliver 197–246 W/m with a heating seasonal performance factor of 3.59. These results were achieved through 34 annual simulations having hourly time steps that were performed with the proposed algorithm in a total of 4 h 17 min, compared to 11 days for a single simulation using a numerical reference model.

Suggested Citation

  • Beaudry, Gabrielle & Pasquier, Philippe & Marcotte, Denis & Zarrella, Angelo, 2022. "Flow rate control in standing column wells: A flexible solution for reducing the energy use and peak power demand of the built environment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:313:y:2022:i:c:s0306261922002203
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118774
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261922002203
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118774?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gang, Wenjie & Wang, Jinbo, 2013. "Predictive ANN models of ground heat exchanger for the control of hybrid ground source heat pump systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 1146-1153.
    2. Beaudry, Gabrielle & Pasquier, Philippe & Marcotte, Denis, 2021. "A fast convolution-based method to simulate time-varying flow rates in closed-loop and standing column well ground heat exchangers," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 55-72.
    3. Atam, Ercan & Helsen, Lieve, 2016. "Ground-coupled heat pumps: Part 2—Literature review and research challenges in optimal design," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1668-1684.
    4. Yang, H. & Cui, P. & Fang, Z., 2010. "Vertical-borehole ground-coupled heat pumps: A review of models and systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(1), pages 16-27, January.
    5. Atam, Ercan & Helsen, Lieve, 2016. "Ground-coupled heat pumps: Part 1 – Literature review and research challenges in modeling and optimal control," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1653-1667.
    6. Lamarche, Louis, 2009. "A fast algorithm for the hourly simulations of ground-source heat pumps using arbitrary response factors," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(10), pages 2252-2258.
    7. Ma, Zhenjun & Xia, Lei & Gong, Xuemei & Kokogiannakis, Georgios & Wang, Shugang & Zhou, Xinlei, 2020. "Recent advances and development in optimal design and control of ground source heat pump systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Noye, Sarah & Mulero Martinez, Rubén & Carnieletto, Laura & De Carli, Michele & Castelruiz Aguirre, Amaia, 2022. "A review of advanced ground source heat pump control: Artificial intelligence for autonomous and adaptive control," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    2. Ma, Zhenjun & Xia, Lei & Gong, Xuemei & Kokogiannakis, Georgios & Wang, Shugang & Zhou, Xinlei, 2020. "Recent advances and development in optimal design and control of ground source heat pump systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    3. Carotenuto, Alberto & Ciccolella, Michela & Massarotti, Nicola & Mauro, Alessandro, 2016. "Models for thermo-fluid dynamic phenomena in low enthalpy geothermal energy systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 330-355.
    4. Atam, Ercan & Schulte, Daniel Otto & Arteconi, Alessia & Sass, Ingo & Helsen, Lieve, 2018. "Control-oriented modeling of geothermal borefield thermal dynamics through Hammerstein-Wiener models," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 468-477.
    5. Cui, Yuanlong & Zhu, Jie & Twaha, Ssennoga & Riffat, Saffa, 2018. "A comprehensive review on 2D and 3D models of vertical ground heat exchangers," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 84-114.
    6. Davide Menegazzo & Giulia Lombardo & Sergio Bobbo & Michele De Carli & Laura Fedele, 2022. "State of the Art, Perspective and Obstacles of Ground-Source Heat Pump Technology in the European Building Sector: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-25, April.
    7. Javed, Saqib & Spitler, Jeffrey, 2017. "Accuracy of borehole thermal resistance calculation methods for grouted single U-tube ground heat exchangers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 790-806.
    8. Yu, Xiaohui & Li, Hongwei & Yao, Sheng & Nielsen, Vilhjalmur & Heller, Alfred, 2020. "Development of an efficient numerical model and analysis of heat transfer performance for borehole heat exchanger," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 189-197.
    9. Paul Christodoulides & Ana Vieira & Stanislav Lenart & João Maranha & Gregor Vidmar & Rumen Popov & Aleksandar Georgiev & Lazaros Aresti & Georgios Florides, 2020. "Reviewing the Modeling Aspects and Practices of Shallow Geothermal Energy Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-45, August.
    10. Nguyen, Hiep V. & Law, Ying Lam E. & Alavy, Masih & Walsh, Philip R. & Leong, Wey H. & Dworkin, Seth B., 2014. "An analysis of the factors affecting hybrid ground-source heat pump installation potential in North America," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 28-38.
    11. Gao, Jiajia & Li, Anbang & Xu, Xinhua & Gang, Wenjie & Yan, Tian, 2018. "Ground heat exchangers: Applications, technology integration and potentials for zero energy buildings," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(PA), pages 337-349.
    12. Félix Ruiz-Calvo & Carla Montagud & Antonio Cazorla-Marín & José M. Corberán, 2017. "Development and Experimental Validation of a TRNSYS Dynamic Tool for Design and Energy Optimization of Ground Source Heat Pump Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-21, September.
    13. Qi, Zishu & Gao, Qing & Liu, Yan & Yan, Y.Y. & Spitler, Jeffrey D., 2014. "Status and development of hybrid energy systems from hybrid ground source heat pump in China and other countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 37-51.
    14. Hou, Gaoyang & Taherian, Hessam & Song, Ying & Jiang, Wei & Chen, Diyi, 2022. "A systematic review on optimal analysis of horizontal heat exchangers in ground source heat pump systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    15. Anjan Rao Puttige & Staffan Andersson & Ronny Östin & Thomas Olofsson, 2020. "A Novel Analytical-ANN Hybrid Model for Borehole Heat Exchanger," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-19, November.
    16. Lazzarotto, Alberto, 2014. "A network-based methodology for the simulation of borehole heat storage systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 265-275.
    17. Zhang, Changxing & Wang, Yusheng & Liu, Yufeng & Kong, Xiangqiang & Wang, Qing, 2018. "Computational methods for ground thermal response of multiple borehole heat exchangers: A review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 461-473.
    18. Vinnemeier, Philipp & Wirsum, Manfred & Malpiece, Damien & Bove, Roberto, 2016. "Integration of heat pumps into thermal plants for creation of large-scale electricity storage capacities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 506-522.
    19. Wahiba Yaïci & Andres Annuk & Evgueniy Entchev & Michela Longo & Janar Kalder, 2021. "Organic Rankine Cycle-Ground Source Heat Pump with Seasonal Energy Storage Based Micro-Cogeneration System in Cold Climates: The Case for Canada," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-21, September.
    20. Chen, Youming & Pan, Bingbing & Zhang, Xunshui & Du, Ciyuan, 2019. "Thermal response factors for fast parameterized design and long-term performance simulation of vertical GCHP systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 793-804.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:313:y:2022:i:c:s0306261922002203. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.