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Research of the Energy Losses of Photovoltaic (PV) Modules after Hail Simulation Using a Newly-Created Testbed

Author

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  • Kristina Kilikevičienė

    (Department of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, J. Basanaviciaus St. 28, LT-03224 Vilnius, Lithuania)

  • Jonas Matijošius

    (Institute of Mechanical Science, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, J. Basanaviciaus St. 28, LT-03224 Vilnius, Lithuania)

  • Artūras Kilikevičius

    (Institute of Mechanical Science, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, J. Basanaviciaus St. 28, LT-03224 Vilnius, Lithuania)

  • Mindaugas Jurevičius

    (Department of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, J. Basanaviciaus St. 28, LT-03224 Vilnius, Lithuania)

  • Vytautas Makarskas

    (Department of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, J. Basanaviciaus St. 28, LT-03224 Vilnius, Lithuania)

  • Jacek Caban

    (Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Transport Machines, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 28 Głęboka Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland)

  • Andrzej Marczuk

    (Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Transport Machines, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 28 Głęboka Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland)

Abstract

The impact of hail ice cubes on composite structures (such as solar cells) causes actual defects. This article presents a series of tests, in which solar cell modules were exposed to hail simulation testbed balls, allowing to assess the following: the impact energy, which causes the major defects in solar cells; the formed micro-cracks in the structure of solar cells, resulting in the loss of power generated by a solar cell; and the solar cell parameters necessary for modelling. In addition, this article presents a digital analysis of hail simulation. Information received from the digital analysis was used to optimize the structure of solar cells in order to improve its resistance properties. The aim of this study was to present a simple method for experimental hail simulation. The proposed hail impact estimation method can be successfully applied to study the influence of the mechanical–dynamic impact of photovoltaic (PV) modules of different structures on the technical characteristics of these modules (structural stability, power generation, etc.). The study showed that PV modules are subjected to an irreversible effect of the excitation force (i.e., micro-cracking) and it can reduce the generated power by 2.33% to 4.83%.

Suggested Citation

  • Kristina Kilikevičienė & Jonas Matijošius & Artūras Kilikevičius & Mindaugas Jurevičius & Vytautas Makarskas & Jacek Caban & Andrzej Marczuk, 2019. "Research of the Energy Losses of Photovoltaic (PV) Modules after Hail Simulation Using a Newly-Created Testbed," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-14, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:23:p:4537-:d:291935
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