IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v12y2019i20p3904-d276740.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Cooling Effect of Large-Scale Urban Parks on Surrounding Area Thermal Comfort

Author

Listed:
  • Farshid Aram

    (Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-UPM, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Ebrahim Solgi

    (School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia)

  • Ester Higueras García

    (Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-UPM, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Amir Mosavi

    (Institute of Automation, Kalman Kando Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Obuda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary
    Faculty of Health, The Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
    School of Built the Environment, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX30BP, UK)

  • Annamária R. Várkonyi-Kóczy

    (Institute of Automation, Kalman Kando Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Obuda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary
    Department of Mathematics and Informatics, J. Selye University, 94501 Komarno, Slovakia)

Abstract

This empirical study investigates large urban park cooling effects on the thermal comfort of occupants in the vicinity of the main central park, located in Madrid, Spain. Data were gathered during hot summer days, using mobile observations and a questionnaire. The results showed that the cooling effect of this urban park of 125 ha area at a distance of 150 m could reduce air temperatures by an average of 0.63 °C and 1.28 °C for distances of 380 m and 665 meters from the park. Moreover, the degree of the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) index at a distance of 150 meters from the park is on average 2 °C PET and 2.3 °C PET less compared to distances of 380 m and 665 m, respectively. Considering the distance from the park, the correlation between occupant perceived thermal comfort (PTC) and PET is inverse. That is, augmenting the distance from the park increases PET, while the extent of PTC reduces accordingly. The correlation between these two factors at the nearest and furthest distances from the park is meaningful ( p -value < 0.05). The results also showed that large-scale urban parks generally play a significant part in creating a cognitive state of high-perceived thermal comfort spaces for residents.

Suggested Citation

  • Farshid Aram & Ebrahim Solgi & Ester Higueras García & Amir Mosavi & Annamária R. Várkonyi-Kóczy, 2019. "The Cooling Effect of Large-Scale Urban Parks on Surrounding Area Thermal Comfort," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-21, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:20:p:3904-:d:276740
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/20/3904/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/20/3904/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Max Anjos & António Lopes, 2017. "Urban Heat Island and Park Cool Island Intensities in the Coastal City of Aracaju, North-Eastern Brazil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-17, August.
    2. Farshid Aram & Ebrahim Solgi & Ester Higueras García & Danial Mohammadzadeh S. & Amir Mosavi & Shahaboddin Shamshirband, 2019. "Design and Validation of a Computational Program for Analysing Mental Maps: Aram Mental Map Analyzer," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(14), pages 1-20, July.
    3. Yu-Hao Lin & Kang-Ting Tsai, 2017. "Screening of Tree Species for Improving Outdoor Human Thermal Comfort in a Taiwanese City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-12, February.
    4. Jamei, Elmira & Rajagopalan, Priyadarsini & Seyedmahmoudian, Mohammadmehdi & Jamei, Yashar, 2016. "Review on the impact of urban geometry and pedestrian level greening on outdoor thermal comfort," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1002-1017.
    5. Ram Babu Singh & Aakriti Grover & Jinyan Zhan, 2014. "Inter-Seasonal Variations of Surface Temperature in the Urbanized Environment of Delhi Using Landsat Thermal Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-18, March.
    6. Pingying Lin & Zhonghua Gou & Stephen Siu-Yu Lau & Hao Qin, 2017. "The Impact of Urban Design Descriptors on Outdoor Thermal Environment: A Literature Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-19, December.
    7. Taleghani, Mohammad, 2018. "Outdoor thermal comfort by different heat mitigation strategies- A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 2011-2018.
    8. Jiayu Li & Bohong Zheng & Wenquan Shen & Yanfen Xiang & Xiao Chen & Zhiyong Qi, 2019. "Cooling and Energy-Saving Performance of Different Green Wall Design: A Simulation Study of a Block," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-17, July.
    9. Lilliana L.H. Peng & C. Y. Jim, 2013. "Green-Roof Effects on Neighborhood Microclimate and Human Thermal Sensation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(2), pages 1-21, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Federica Banchiero & Ivan Blečić & Valeria Saiu & Giuseppe A. Trunfio, 2020. "Neighbourhood Park Vitality Potential: From Jane Jacobs’s Theory to Evaluation Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-21, July.
    2. Tian Wang & Hui Tu & Bo Min & Zuzheng Li & Xiaofang Li & Qingxiang You, 2022. "The Mitigation Effect of Park Landscape on Thermal Environment in Shanghai City Based on Remote Sensing Retrieval Method," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-24, March.
    3. Patrick Moriarty & Damon Honnery, 2023. "Rethinking Notions of Energy Efficiency in a Global Context," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-14, June.
    4. Reza Khakian & Mehrdad Karimimoshaver & Farshid Aram & Soghra Zoroufchi Benis & Amir Mosavi & Annamaria R. Varkonyi-Koczy, 2020. "Modeling Nearly Zero Energy Buildings for Sustainable Development in Rural Areas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-19, May.
    5. Mehrdad Chahardowli & Hassan Sajadzadeh & Farshid Aram & Amir Mosavi, 2020. "Survey of Sustainable Regeneration of Historic and Cultural Cores of Cities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-21, May.
    6. Sadegh Fathi & Hassan Sajadzadeh & Faezeh Mohammadi Sheshkal & Farshid Aram & Gergo Pinter & Imre Felde & Amir Mosavi, 2020. "The Role of Urban Morphology Design on Enhancing Physical Activity and Public Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-29, March.
    7. Jamei, E. & Ossen, D.R. & Seyedmahmoudian, M. & Sandanayake, M. & Stojcevski, A. & Horan, B., 2020. "Urban design parameters for heat mitigation in tropics," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    8. Stella Tsoka & Katerina Tsikaloudaki & Theodoros Theodosiou & Dimitrios Bikas, 2020. "Urban Warming and Cities’ Microclimates: Investigation Methods and Mitigation Strategies—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-25, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ernesto Antonini & Vincenzo Vodola & Jacopo Gaspari & Michaela De Giglio, 2020. "Outdoor Wellbeing and Quality of Life: A Scientific Literature Review on Thermal Comfort," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-22, April.
    2. Patryk Antoszewski & Michał Krzyżaniak & Dariusz Świerk, 2022. "The Future of Climate-Resilient and Climate-Neutral City in the Temperate Climate Zone," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-60, April.
    3. Susca, T. & Zanghirella, F. & Colasuonno, L. & Del Fatto, V., 2022. "Effect of green wall installation on urban heat island and building energy use: A climate-informed systematic literature review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    4. Jamei, E. & Ossen, D.R. & Seyedmahmoudian, M. & Sandanayake, M. & Stojcevski, A. & Horan, B., 2020. "Urban design parameters for heat mitigation in tropics," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    5. Komi Bernard Bedra & Bohong Zheng & Jiayu Li & Xi Luo, 2023. "A Parametric-Simulation Method to Study the Interconnections between Urban-Street-Morphology Indicators and Their Effects on Pedestrian Thermal Comfort in Tropical Summer," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-23, May.
    6. Ying Zhang & Xijun Hu & Zheng Liu & Chunling Zhou & Hong Liang, 2022. "A Greening Strategy of Mitigation of the Thermal Environment for Coastal Sloping Urban Space," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-22, December.
    7. Randa Osama Shata & Ayman Hassaan Mahmoud & Mohammad Fahmy, 2021. "Correlating the Sky View Factor with the Pedestrian Thermal Environment in a Hot Arid University Campus Plaza," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-25, January.
    8. Hakima Necira & Mohamed Elhadi Matallah & Soumia Bouzaher & Waqas Ahmed Mahar & Atef Ahriz, 2024. "Effect of Street Asymmetry, Albedo, and Shading on Pedestrian Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Hot Desert Climates," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-30, February.
    9. Nazanin Nasrollahi & Amir Ghosouri & Jamal Khodakarami & Mohammad Taleghani, 2020. "Heat-Mitigation Strategies to Improve Pedestrian Thermal Comfort in Urban Environments: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-23, November.
    10. Toparlar, Y. & Blocken, B. & Maiheu, B. & van Heijst, G.J.F., 2017. "A review on the CFD analysis of urban microclimate," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 1613-1640.
    11. Mohamed Elhadi Matallah & Djamel Alkama & Jacques Teller & Atef Ahriz & Shady Attia, 2021. "Quantification of the Outdoor Thermal Comfort within Different Oases Urban Fabrics," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-23, March.
    12. Junying Li & Jiying Liu & Jelena Srebric & Yuanman Hu & Miao Liu & Lei Su & Shunchang Wang, 2019. "The Effect of Tree-Planting Patterns on the Microclimate within a Courtyard," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-21, March.
    13. Stella Tsoka & Katerina Tsikaloudaki & Theodoros Theodosiou & Dimitrios Bikas, 2020. "Urban Warming and Cities’ Microclimates: Investigation Methods and Mitigation Strategies—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-25, March.
    14. Ileana Blanco & Fabiana Convertino, 2023. "Thermal Performance of Green Façades: Research Trends Analysis Using a Science Mapping Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-23, June.
    15. Bonggeun Song & Kyunghun Park, 2019. "Analysis of Spatiotemporal Urban Temperature Characteristics by Urban Spatial Patterns in Changwon City, South Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(14), pages 1-21, July.
    16. Taleghani, Mohammad, 2018. "Outdoor thermal comfort by different heat mitigation strategies- A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 2011-2018.
    17. Yunfang Jiang & Danran Song & Tiemao Shi & Xuemei Han, 2018. "Adaptive Analysis of Green Space Network Planning for the Cooling Effect of Residential Blocks in Summer: A Case Study in Shanghai," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-25, September.
    18. Renato Soares & Helena Corvacho & Fernando Alves, 2021. "Summer Thermal Conditions in Outdoor Public Spaces: A Case Study in a Mediterranean Climate," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-26, May.
    19. Liuying Wang & Gaoyuan Wang & Tian Chen & Junnan Liu, 2023. "The Regulating Effect of Urban Large Planar Water Bodies on Residential Heat Islands: A Case Study of Meijiang Lake in Tianjin," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-22, December.
    20. Chih-Hong Huang & Hsin-Hua Tsai & Hung-chen Chen, 2020. "Influence of Weather Factors on Thermal Comfort in Subtropical Urban Environments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-23, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:20:p:3904-:d:276740. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.