IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v11y2018i2p386-d130648.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Key Review of Non-Industrial Greywater Heat Harnessing

Author

Listed:
  • Abdur Rehman Mazhar

    (School of Energy, Construction and Environment, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2HF, UK)

  • Shuli Liu

    (School of Energy, Construction and Environment, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2HF, UK
    School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)

  • Ashish Shukla

    (School of Energy, Construction and Environment, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2HF, UK)

Abstract

The ever-growing concerns about making buildings more energy efficient and increasing the share of renewable energy used in them, has led to the development of ultra-low carbon buildings or passive houses. However, a huge potential still exists to lower the hot water energy demand, especially by harnessing heat from waste water exiting these buildings. Reusing this heat makes buildings more energy-efficient and this source is considered as a third-generation renewable energy technology, both factors conforming to energy policies throughout the world. Based on several theoretical and experimental studies, the potential to harness non-industrial waste water is quite high. As an estimate about 3.5 kWh of energy, per person per day could be harnessed and used directly, in many applications. A promising example of such an application, are low temperature fourth generation District Heating grids, with decentralized sources of heat. At the moment, heat exchangers and heat pumps are the only viable options to harness non-industrial waste heat. Both are used at different scales and levels of the waste-water treatment hierarchical pyramid. Apart from several unfavourable characteristics of these technologies, the associated exergetic efficiencies are low, in the range of 20–50%, even when cascaded combinations of both are used. To tackle these shortcomings, several promising trends and technologies are in the pipeline, to scavenge this small-scale source of heat to a large-scale benefit.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdur Rehman Mazhar & Shuli Liu & Ashish Shukla, 2018. "A Key Review of Non-Industrial Greywater Heat Harnessing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-34, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:2:p:386-:d:130648
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/2/386/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/2/386/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Georg Neugebauer & Florian Kretschmer & René Kollmann & Michael Narodoslawsky & Thomas Ertl & Gernot Stoeglehner, 2015. "Mapping Thermal Energy Resource Potentials from Wastewater Treatment Plants," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(10), pages 1-23, September.
    2. López-Sabirón, Ana M. & Royo, Patricia & Ferreira, Victor J. & Aranda-Usón, Alfonso & Ferreira, Germán, 2014. "Carbon footprint of a thermal energy storage system using phase change materials for industrial energy recovery to reduce the fossil fuel consumption," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 616-624.
    3. Shon, Jungwook & Kim, Hyungik & Lee, Kihyung, 2014. "Improved heat storage rate for an automobile coolant waste heat recovery system using phase-change material in a fin–tube heat exchanger," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 680-689.
    4. Chao, Shen & Yiqiang, Jiang & Yang, Yao & Shiming, Deng, 2012. "Experimental performance evaluation of a novel dry-expansion evaporator with defouling function in a wastewater source heat pump," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 202-209.
    5. Liu, Lanbin & Fu, Lin & Jiang, Yi, 2010. "Application of an exhaust heat recovery system for domestic hot water," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 1476-1481.
    6. Stephan, André & Crawford, Robert H. & de Myttenaere, Kristel, 2013. "A comprehensive assessment of the life cycle energy demand of passive houses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 23-34.
    7. Lund, Henrik & Werner, Sven & Wiltshire, Robin & Svendsen, Svend & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Hvelplund, Frede & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2014. "4th Generation District Heating (4GDH)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 1-11.
    8. Dong, Jiankai & Zhang, Zhuo & Yao, Yang & Jiang, Yiqiang & Lei, Bo, 2015. "Experimental performance evaluation of a novel heat pump water heater assisted with shower drain water," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 842-850.
    9. Derman Vatansever & Elias Siores & Tahir Shah, 2012. "Alternative Resources for Renewable Energy: Piezoelectric and Photovoltaic Smart Structures," Chapters, in: Bharat Raj Singh (ed.), Global Warming - Impacts and Future Perspective, IntechOpen.
    10. Sharma, Atul & Tyagi, V.V. & Chen, C.R. & Buddhi, D., 2009. "Review on thermal energy storage with phase change materials and applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 318-345, February.
    11. Al-Abidi, Abduljalil A. & Bin Mat, Sohif & Sopian, K. & Sulaiman, M.Y. & Lim, C.H. & Th, Abdulrahman, 2012. "Review of thermal energy storage for air conditioning systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(8), pages 5802-5819.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sabina Kordana-Obuch & Mariusz Starzec & Daniel Słyś, 2021. "Assessment of the Feasibility of Implementing Shower Heat Exchangers in Residential Buildings Based on Users’ Energy Saving Preferences," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-30, September.
    2. Mazhar, Abdur Rehman & Liu, Shuli & Shukla, Ashish, 2020. "Experimental study on the thermal performance of a grey water heat harnessing exchanger using Phase Change Materials," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 1805-1817.
    3. Pochwat, Kamil & Kordana, Sabina & Starzec, Mariusz & Słyś, Daniel, 2019. "Comparison of two-prototype near-horizontal Drain Water Heat Recovery units on the basis of effectiveness," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 1196-1207.
    4. Kamil Pochwat & Sabina Kordana-Obuch & Mariusz Starzec & Beata Piotrowska, 2020. "Financial Analysis of the Use of Two Horizontal Drain Water Heat Recovery Units," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-18, August.
    5. Mazhar, Abdur Rehman & Zou, Yuliang & Liu, Shuli & Shen, Yongliang & Shukla, Ashish, 2022. "Development of a PCM-HE to harness waste greywater heat: A case study of a residential building," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    6. Joanna Liebersbach & Alina Żabnieńska-Góra & Iwona Polarczyk & Marderos Ara Sayegh, 2021. "Feasibility of Grey Water Heat Recovery in Indoor Swimming Pools," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-41, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Morales-Ruiz, S. & Rigola, J. & Oliet, C. & Oliva, A., 2016. "Analysis and design of a drain water heat recovery storage unit based on PCM plates," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1006-1019.
    2. Soares, N. & Bastos, J. & Pereira, L. Dias & Soares, A. & Amaral, A.R. & Asadi, E. & Rodrigues, E. & Lamas, F.B. & Monteiro, H. & Lopes, M.A.R. & Gaspar, A.R., 2017. "A review on current advances in the energy and environmental performance of buildings towards a more sustainable built environment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 845-860.
    3. Zhang, Dongwei & Gao, Zhao & Fang, Chenglei & Shen, Chao & Li, Hang & Qin, Xiang, 2022. "Simulation and analysis of hot water system with comprehensive utilization of solar energy and wastewater heat," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    4. Li, Zhi & Lu, Yiji & Huang, Rui & Chang, Jinwei & Yu, Xiaonan & Jiang, Ruicheng & Yu, Xiaoli & Roskilly, Anthony Paul, 2021. "Applications and technological challenges for heat recovery, storage and utilisation with latent thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    5. Farzin Golzar & David Nilsson & Viktoria Martin, 2020. "Forecasting Wastewater Temperature Based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Technique and Monte Carlo Sensitivity Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-17, August.
    6. Pomianowski, M.Z. & Johra, H. & Marszal-Pomianowska, A. & Zhang, C., 2020. "Sustainable and energy-efficient domestic hot water systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    7. Sharif, M.K. Anuar & Al-Abidi, A.A. & Mat, S. & Sopian, K. & Ruslan, M.H. & Sulaiman, M.Y. & Rosli, M.A.M., 2015. "Review of the application of phase change material for heating and domestic hot water systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 557-568.
    8. Hu, Nan & Li, Zi-Rui & Xu, Zhe-Wen & Fan, Li-Wu, 2022. "Rapid charging for latent heat thermal energy storage: A state-of-the-art review of close-contact melting," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    9. Tao, Y.B. & He, Ya-Ling, 2018. "A review of phase change material and performance enhancement method for latent heat storage system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 245-259.
    10. Ramadan, Mohamad & Murr, Rabih & Khaled, Mahmoud & Olabi, Abdul Ghani, 2018. "Mixed numerical - Experimental approach to enhance the heat pump performance by drain water heat recovery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 1010-1021.
    11. Concettina Marino & Antonino Nucara & Maria Francesca Panzera & Matilde Pietrafesa & Alfredo Pudano, 2020. "Economic Comparison Between a Stand-Alone and a Grid Connected PV System vs. Grid Distance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-22, July.
    12. Xiang Gou & Yang Fu & Imran Ali Shah & Yamei Li & Guoyou Xu & Yue Yang & Enyu Wang & Liansheng Liu & Jinxiang Wu, 2016. "Research on a Household Dual Heat Source Heat Pump Water Heater with Preheater Based on ASPEN PLUS," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-16, December.
    13. Giro-Paloma, Jessica & Martínez, Mònica & Cabeza, Luisa F. & Fernández, A. Inés, 2016. "Types, methods, techniques, and applications for microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCM): A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 1059-1075.
    14. Gunasekara, Saman Nimali & Pan, Ruijun & Chiu, Justin Ningwei & Martin, Viktoria, 2016. "Polyols as phase change materials for surplus thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1439-1452.
    15. Pereira da Cunha, Jose & Eames, Philip, 2016. "Thermal energy storage for low and medium temperature applications using phase change materials – A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 227-238.
    16. Mazhar, Abdur Rehman & Zou, Yuliang & Liu, Shuli & Shen, Yongliang & Shukla, Ashish, 2022. "Development of a PCM-HE to harness waste greywater heat: A case study of a residential building," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    17. Mohamed, Shamseldin A. & Al-Sulaiman, Fahad A. & Ibrahim, Nasiru I. & Zahir, Md. Hasan & Al-Ahmed, Amir & Saidur, R. & Yılbaş, B.S. & Sahin, A.Z., 2017. "A review on current status and challenges of inorganic phase change materials for thermal energy storage systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 1072-1089.
    18. Yang, Jialin & Yang, Lijun & Xu, Chao & Du, Xiaoze, 2016. "Experimental study on enhancement of thermal energy storage with phase-change material," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 164-176.
    19. Tang, Xiaofen & Li, Wei & Zhang, Xingxiang & Shi, Haifeng, 2014. "Fabrication and characterization of microencapsulated phase change material with low supercooling for thermal energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 160-166.
    20. Jankowski, Nicholas R. & McCluskey, F. Patrick, 2014. "A review of phase change materials for vehicle component thermal buffering," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1525-1561.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:2:p:386-:d:130648. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.