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Hydrothermal Carbonization: Modeling, Final Properties Design and Applications: A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Silvia Román

    (Department of Applied Physics, University of Extremadura, Avda. Elvas, s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain)

  • Judy Libra

    (Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam-Bornim, Germany)

  • Nicole Berge

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, 300 Main Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA)

  • Eduardo Sabio

    (Department of Applied Physics, University of Extremadura, Avda. Elvas, s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain)

  • Kyoung Ro

    (USDA-ARS Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 West Lucas Street, Florence, SC 29501, USA)

  • Liang Li

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, 300 Main Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA)

  • Beatriz Ledesma

    (Department of Applied Physics, University of Extremadura, Avda. Elvas, s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain)

  • Andrés Álvarez

    (Department of Applied Physics, University of Extremadura, Avda. Elvas, s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain)

  • Sunyoung Bae

    (Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women’s University, 621 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Korea)

Abstract

Active research on biomass hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) continues to demonstrate its advantages over other thermochemical processes, in particular the interesting benefits that are associated with carbonaceous solid products, called hydrochar (HC). The areas of applications of HC range from biofuel to doped porous material for adsorption, energy storage, and catalysis. At the same time, intensive research has been aimed at better elucidating the process mechanisms and kinetics, and how the experimental variables (temperature, time, biomass load, feedstock composition, as well as their interactions) affect the distribution between phases and their composition. This review provides an analysis of the state of the art on HTC, mainly with regard to the effect of variables on the process, the associated kinetics, and the characteristics of the solid phase (HC), as well as some of the more studied applications so far. The focus is on research made over the last five years on these topics.

Suggested Citation

  • Silvia Román & Judy Libra & Nicole Berge & Eduardo Sabio & Kyoung Ro & Liang Li & Beatriz Ledesma & Andrés Álvarez & Sunyoung Bae, 2018. "Hydrothermal Carbonization: Modeling, Final Properties Design and Applications: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-28, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:1:p:216-:d:127277
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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