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Electrochemical Energy Storage Potentials of Waste Biomass: Oil Palm Leaf- and Palm Kernel Shell-Derived Activated Carbons

Author

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  • Salisu Nasir

    (Materials Synthesis and Characterisation Laboratory (MSCL), Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
    Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Dutse, Dutse 7156, Nigeria
    Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

  • Mohd Zobir Hussein

    (Materials Synthesis and Characterisation Laboratory (MSCL), Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

  • Zulkarnain Zainal

    (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

  • Nor Azah Yusof

    (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

  • Syazwan Afif Mohd Zobir

    (Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

Abstract

In this study, activated carbons (ACs) were produced from oil palm leaves (OPL) and palm kernel shells (PKS) using different concentrations (0%, 11%, and 33%) of H 3 PO 4 as the activating agent. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) results indicated that surface area decreases with the decreasing of the concentration of the H 3 PO 4 in the following order: AC from oil palm leaves was (OPLAC-0% H 3 PO 4 ) < (OPLAC-11% H 3 PO 4 ) < (OPLAC-33% H 3 PO 4 ), with the BET surface area values of 37, 760, and 780 m 2 /g, respectively. Similarly, the PKS-derived AC followed the same trend of (PKSAC-0% H 3 PO 4 ) < (PKSAC-11% H 3 PO 4 ) < (PKSAC-33% H 3 PO 4 ), with the BET surface area values of 3, 52, and 1324 m 2 /g, respectively. Based on this finding, it was observed that H 3 PO 4 had exhibited an influential role on enhancing the surface properties of the AC. On the contrary, it slightly decreased the graphitic trait of the AC by considering their I G /I D trends, which were generated from the Raman spectral analysis. The energy storage capacity of the AC was further tested using cyclic voltammetry. Three of the samples were found to have high capacitance values of 434 F g −1 , 162 F g −1 , and 147 F g −1 at 5 mVs −1 . The first (434 F g −1 ) is much higher than the specific capacitance value (343 F g −1 ) of the only oil palm leaf-derived porous carbon nanoparticles ever reported in the literature.

Suggested Citation

  • Salisu Nasir & Mohd Zobir Hussein & Zulkarnain Zainal & Nor Azah Yusof & Syazwan Afif Mohd Zobir, 2018. "Electrochemical Energy Storage Potentials of Waste Biomass: Oil Palm Leaf- and Palm Kernel Shell-Derived Activated Carbons," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-22, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:12:p:3410-:d:188186
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mirosław Kwiatkowski, 2021. "Computer Analysis of the Effects of Time and Gas Atmosphere of the Chemical Activation on the Development of the Porous Structure of Activated Carbons Derived from Oil Palm Shell," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-10, September.
    2. Su, Guangcan & Mohd Zulkifli, Nurin Wahidah & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Ibrahim, Shaliza & Bu, Quan & Zhu, Ruonan, 2022. "Pyrolysis of oil palm wastes for bioenergy in Malaysia: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    3. Muhammad Muhammad Muzakir & Zulkarnain Zainal & Hong Ngee Lim & Abdul Halim Abdullah & Noor Nazihah Bahrudin & Mahanim Sarif@Mohd Ali, 2020. "Electrochemically Reduced Titania Nanotube Synthesized from Glycerol-Based Electrolyte as Supercapacitor Electrode," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-15, June.

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