IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v11y2018i10p2635-d173387.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Power Quality Performance of Fast-Charging under Extreme Temperature Conditions

Author

Listed:
  • Alexandre Lucas

    (European Commission, Joint Research Centre Directorate C Energy, Transport and Climate, PO Box 2, 1755 ZG Petten, The Netherlands)

  • Germana Trentadue

    (European Commission, Joint Research Centre Directorate C Energy, Transport and Climate, PO Box 2, 1755 ZG Petten, The Netherlands)

  • Harald Scholz

    (European Commission, Joint Research Centre Directorate C Energy, Transport and Climate, PO Box 2, 1755 ZG Petten, The Netherlands)

  • Marcos Otura

    (European Commission, Joint Research Centre Directorate C Energy, Transport and Climate, PO Box 2, 1755 ZG Petten, The Netherlands)

Abstract

Exposing electric vehicles (EV) to extreme temperatures limits its performance and charging. For the foreseen adoption of EVs, it is not only important to study the technology behind it, but also the environment it will be inserted into. In Europe, temperatures ranging from −30 °C to +40 °C are frequently observed and the impacts on batteries are well-known. However, the impact on the grid due to the performance of fast-chargers, under such conditions, also requires analysis, as it impacts both on the infrastructure’s dimensioning and design. In this study, six different fast-chargers were analysed while charging a full battery EV, under four temperature levels (−25 °C, −15 °C, +20 °C, and +40 °C). The current total harmonic distortion, power factor, standby power, and unbalance were registered. Results show that the current total harmonic distortion (THD I ) tended to increase at lower temperatures. The standby consumption showed no trend, with results ranging from 210 VA to 1650 VA. Three out of six chargers lost interoperability at −25 °C. Such non-linear loads, present high harmonic distortion, and, hence, low power factor. The temperature at which the vehicle’s battery charges is crucial to the current it withdraws, thereby, influencing the charger’s performance.

Suggested Citation

  • Alexandre Lucas & Germana Trentadue & Harald Scholz & Marcos Otura, 2018. "Power Quality Performance of Fast-Charging under Extreme Temperature Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-14, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:10:p:2635-:d:173387
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/10/2635/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/10/2635/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Richardson, David B., 2013. "Electric vehicles and the electric grid: A review of modeling approaches, Impacts, and renewable energy integration," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 19(C), pages 247-254.
    2. Green II, Robert C. & Wang, Lingfeng & Alam, Mansoor, 2011. "The impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles on distribution networks: A review and outlook," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 544-553, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Kewei Cai & Belema Prince Alalibo & Wenping Cao & Zheng Liu & Zhiqiang Wang & Guofeng Li, 2018. "Hybrid Approach for Detecting and Classifying Power Quality Disturbances Based on the Variational Mode Decomposition and Deep Stochastic Configuration Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-18, November.
    2. Mauro Zucca & Vincenzo Cirimele & Jorge Bruna & Davide Signorino & Erika Laporta & Jacopo Colussi & Miguel Angel Alonso Tejedor & Federico Fissore & Umberto Pogliano, 2021. "Assessment of the Overall Efficiency in WPT Stations for Electric Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-19, February.
    3. Bruno Pinto & Filipe Barata & Constantino Soares & Carla Viveiros, 2020. "Fleet Transition from Combustion to Electric Vehicles: A Case Study in a Portuguese Business Campus," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-24, March.
    4. Germana Trentadue & Alexandre Lucas & Marcos Otura & Konstantinos Pliakostathis & Marco Zanni & Harald Scholz, 2018. "Evaluation of Fast Charging Efficiency under Extreme Temperatures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-13, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Rahman, Imran & Vasant, Pandian M. & Singh, Balbir Singh Mahinder & Abdullah-Al-Wadud, M. & Adnan, Nadia, 2016. "Review of recent trends in optimization techniques for plug-in hybrid, and electric vehicle charging infrastructures," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 1039-1047.
    2. Romo, R. & Micheloud, O., 2015. "Power quality of actual grids with plug-in electric vehicles in presence of renewables and micro-grids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 189-200.
    3. Rahman, Syed & Khan, Irfan Ahmed & Khan, Ashraf Ali & Mallik, Ayan & Nadeem, Muhammad Faisal, 2022. "Comprehensive review & impact analysis of integrating projected electric vehicle charging load to the existing low voltage distribution system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    4. Frew, Bethany A. & Becker, Sarah & Dvorak, Michael J. & Andresen, Gorm B. & Jacobson, Mark Z., 2016. "Flexibility mechanisms and pathways to a highly renewable US electricity future," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 65-78.
    5. Bhatti, Abdul Rauf & Salam, Zainal & Aziz, Mohd Junaidi Bin Abdul & Yee, Kong Pui & Ashique, Ratil H., 2016. "Electric vehicles charging using photovoltaic: Status and technological review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 34-47.
    6. Yong, Jia Ying & Ramachandaramurthy, Vigna K. & Tan, Kang Miao & Mithulananthan, N., 2015. "A review on the state-of-the-art technologies of electric vehicle, its impacts and prospects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 365-385.
    7. Pavić, Ivan & Capuder, Tomislav & Kuzle, Igor, 2016. "Low carbon technologies as providers of operational flexibility in future power systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 724-738.
    8. Zheng, Menglian & Wang, Xinhao & Meinrenken, Christoph J. & Ding, Yi, 2018. "Economic and environmental benefits of coordinating dispatch among distributed electricity storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 842-855.
    9. Hota, Ashish Ranjan & Juvvanapudi, Mahesh & Bajpai, Prabodh, 2014. "Issues and solution approaches in PHEV integration to smart grid," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 217-229.
    10. Verzijlbergh, Remco & Brancucci Martínez-Anido, Carlo & Lukszo, Zofia & de Vries, Laurens, 2014. "Does controlled electric vehicle charging substitute cross-border transmission capacity?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 169-180.
    11. Shaukat, N. & Khan, B. & Ali, S.M. & Mehmood, C.A. & Khan, J. & Farid, U. & Majid, M. & Anwar, S.M. & Jawad, M. & Ullah, Z., 2018. "A survey on electric vehicle transportation within smart grid system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 1329-1349.
    12. García-Villalobos, J. & Zamora, I. & San Martín, J.I. & Asensio, F.J. & Aperribay, V., 2014. "Plug-in electric vehicles in electric distribution networks: A review of smart charging approaches," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 717-731.
    13. Muhammad Naveed Iqbal & Lauri Kütt & Kamran Daniel & Bilal Asad & Payam Shams Ghahfarokhi, 2021. "Estimation of Harmonic Emission of Electric Vehicles and Their Impact on Low Voltage Residential Network," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-17, July.
    14. Bhatti, Abdul Rauf & Salam, Zainal, 2018. "A rule-based energy management scheme for uninterrupted electric vehicles charging at constant price using photovoltaic-grid system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 384-400.
    15. Mwasilu, Francis & Justo, Jackson John & Kim, Eun-Kyung & Do, Ton Duc & Jung, Jin-Woo, 2014. "Electric vehicles and smart grid interaction: A review on vehicle to grid and renewable energy sources integration," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 501-516.
    16. Soares, N. & Martins, A.G. & Carvalho, A.L. & Caldeira, C. & Du, C. & Castanheira, É. & Rodrigues, E. & Oliveira, G. & Pereira, G.I. & Bastos, J. & Ferreira, J.P. & Ribeiro, L.A. & Figueiredo, N.C. & , 2018. "The challenging paradigm of interrelated energy systems towards a more sustainable future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 171-193.
    17. Verma, Aman & Raj, Ratan & Kumar, Mayank & Ghandehariun, Samane & Kumar, Amit, 2015. "Assessment of renewable energy technologies for charging electric vehicles in Canada," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 548-559.
    18. Gaizka Saldaña & Jose Ignacio San Martin & Inmaculada Zamora & Francisco Javier Asensio & Oier Oñederra, 2019. "Electric Vehicle into the Grid: Charging Methodologies Aimed at Providing Ancillary Services Considering Battery Degradation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-37, June.
    19. Guillermo Ivan Pereira & Patrícia Pereira Silva & Deborah Soule, 2018. "Policy-adaptation for a smarter and more sustainable EU electricity distribution industry: a foresight analysis," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 20(1), pages 231-267, December.
    20. Li, Ying & Davis, Chris & Lukszo, Zofia & Weijnen, Margot, 2016. "Electric vehicle charging in China’s power system: Energy, economic and environmental trade-offs and policy implications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 535-554.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:10:p:2635-:d:173387. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.