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Challenges and Opportunities of Load Frequency Control in Conventional, Modern and Future Smart Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review

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  • Hassan Haes Alhelou

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
    Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Tishreen University, 2230 Lattakia, Syria)

  • Mohamad-Esmail Hamedani-Golshan

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran)

  • Reza Zamani

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran)

  • Ehsan Heydarian-Forushani

    (Esfahan Electricity Power Distribution Company (EEPDC), Isfahan 81737-51387, Iran)

  • Pierluigi Siano

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy)

Abstract

Power systems are the most complex systems that have been created by men in history. To operate such systems in a stable mode, several control loops are needed. Voltage frequency plays a vital role in power systems which need to be properly controlled. To this end, primary and secondary frequency control loops are used to control the frequency of the voltage in power systems. Secondary frequency control, which is called Load Frequency Control (LFC), is responsible for maintaining the frequency in a desirable level after a disturbance. Likewise, the power exchanges between different control areas are controlled by LFC approaches. In recent decades, many control approaches have been suggested for LFC in power systems. This paper presents a comprehensive literature survey on the topic of LFC. In this survey, the used LFC models for diverse configurations of power systems are firstly investigated and classified for both conventional and future smart power systems. Furthermore, the proposed control strategies for LFC are studied and categorized into different control groups. The paper concludes with highlighting the research gaps and presenting some new research directions in the field of LFC.

Suggested Citation

  • Hassan Haes Alhelou & Mohamad-Esmail Hamedani-Golshan & Reza Zamani & Ehsan Heydarian-Forushani & Pierluigi Siano, 2018. "Challenges and Opportunities of Load Frequency Control in Conventional, Modern and Future Smart Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-35, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:10:p:2497-:d:171089
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    References listed on IDEAS

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