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Synthesis, Structure, and Sodium Mobility of Sodium Vanadium Nitridophosphate: A Zero-Strain and Safe High Voltage Cathode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Author

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  • Huang Zhang

    (Helmholtz Institute Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
    Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany)

  • Daniel Buchholz

    (Helmholtz Institute Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
    Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany)

  • Stefano Passerini

    (Helmholtz Institute Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
    Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany)

Abstract

Herein, the nitridophosphate Na 3 V(PO 3 ) 3 N is synthesized by solid state method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement confirm the cubic symmetry with P 2 1 3 space group. The material exhibits very good thermal stability and high operating voltage of 4.0 V vs. Na/Na + due to V 3+ /V 4+ redox couple. In situ X-ray diffraction studies confirm the two-phase (de-)sodiation process to occur with very low volume changes. The refinement of the sodium occupancies reveal the low accessibility of sodium cations in the Na2 and Na3 sites as the main origin for the lower experimental capacity (0.38 eq. Na + , 28 mAh g −1 ) versus the theoretical one (1.0 eq. Na + , 74 mAh g −1 ). These observations provide valuable information for the further optimization of this materials class in order to access their theoretical electrochemical performance as a potentially interesting zero-strain and safe high-voltage cathode material for sodium-ion batteries.

Suggested Citation

  • Huang Zhang & Daniel Buchholz & Stefano Passerini, 2017. "Synthesis, Structure, and Sodium Mobility of Sodium Vanadium Nitridophosphate: A Zero-Strain and Safe High Voltage Cathode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-9, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:10:y:2017:i:7:p:889-:d:103205
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. J.-M. Tarascon & M. Armand, 2001. "Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries," Nature, Nature, vol. 414(6861), pages 359-367, November.
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    1. Simranjot K. Sapra & Jayashree Pati & Pravin K. Dwivedi & Suddhasatwa Basu & Jeng‐Kuei Chang & Rajendra S. Dhaka, 2021. "A comprehensive review on recent advances of polyanionic cathode materials in Na‐ion batteries for cost effective energy storage applications," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 10(5), September.

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