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Optimal Charging and Discharging Scheduling for Electric Vehicles in a Parking Station with Photovoltaic System and Energy Storage System

Author

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  • Leehter Yao

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan)

  • Zolboo Damiran

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan)

  • Wei Hong Lim

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan)

Abstract

The economic and environmental benefits brought by electric vehicles (EVs) cannot be fully delivered unless these vehicles are fully or partially charged by renewable energy sources (RES) such as photovoltaic system (PVS). Nevertheless, the EV charging management problem of a parking station integrated with RES is challenging due to the uncertain nature of local RES generation. This paper aims to address these difficulties by deploying an energy storage system (ESS) in parking stations and exploiting the charging and discharging scheduling of EVs to achieve better utilization of intermittent PVS for EV charging. A real-time charging optimization scheme is also formulated, using mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) to coordinate the charging or discharging power of EVs along with the power dispatches of power grid and ESS based on the vehicles’ charging or discharging priorities and electricity price preferences. Extensive simulations show that the proposed approach not only maximizes the satisfaction of EV owners in terms of fulfilling all charging and discharging requests, but also minimizes the overall operational cost of the parking station by prioritizing the utilization of energy from PVS, ESS, and scheduling of every EV’s charging and discharging.

Suggested Citation

  • Leehter Yao & Zolboo Damiran & Wei Hong Lim, 2017. "Optimal Charging and Discharging Scheduling for Electric Vehicles in a Parking Station with Photovoltaic System and Energy Storage System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-20, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:10:y:2017:i:4:p:550-:d:96003
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    Cited by:

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    8. Su Su & Yong Hu & Tiantian Yang & Shidan Wang & Ziqi Liu & Xiangxiang Wei & Mingchao Xia & Yutaka Ota & Koji Yamashita, 2018. "Research on an Electric Vehicle Owner-Friendly Charging Strategy Using Photovoltaic Generation at Office Sites in Major Chinese Cities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-19, February.
    9. Zixuan Wang & Qingyuan Yang & Chuwen Wang & Lanxi Wang, 2023. "Spatial Layout Analysis and Evaluation of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in Chongqing," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-18, April.
    10. Welzel, Fynn & Klinck, Carl-Friedrich & Pohlmann, Yannick & Bednarczyk, Mats, 2021. "Grid and user-optimized planning of charging processes of an electric vehicle fleet using a quantitative optimization model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    11. Park, Sung-Won & Cho, Kyu-Sang & Hoefter, Gregor & Son, Sung-Yong, 2022. "Electric vehicle charging management using location-based incentives for reducing renewable energy curtailment considering the distribution system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    12. Muhammad Kashif Rafique & Zunaib Maqsood Haider & Khawaja Khalid Mehmood & Muhammad Saeed Uz Zaman & Muhammad Irfan & Saad Ullah Khan & Chul-Hwan Kim, 2018. "Optimal Scheduling of Hybrid Energy Resources for a Smart Home," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-19, November.
    13. Fachrizal, Reza & Shepero, Mahmoud & Åberg, Magnus & Munkhammar, Joakim, 2022. "Optimal PV-EV sizing at solar powered workplace charging stations with smart charging schemes considering self-consumption and self-sufficiency balance," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    14. Chawin Prapanukool & Surachai Chaitusaney, 2020. "Designing Solar Power Purchase Agreement of Rooftop PVs with Battery Energy Storage Systems under the Behind-the-Meter Scheme," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-18, August.
    15. Phi-Hai Trinh & Il-Yop Chung, 2021. "Optimal Control Strategy for Distributed Energy Resources in a DC Microgrid for Energy Cost Reduction and Voltage Regulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-19, February.
    16. Zaneti, Letícia A.L. & Arias, Nataly Bañol & de Almeida, Madson C. & Rider, Marcos J., 2022. "Sustainable charging schedule of electric buses in a University Campus: A rolling horizon approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    17. Mikołaj Schmidt & Paweł Zmuda-Trzebiatowski & Marcin Kiciński & Piotr Sawicki & Konrad Lasak, 2021. "Multiple-Criteria-Based Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Design Problem," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-34, May.

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