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Study on the Tribological Characteristics of Australian Native First Generation and Second Generation Biodiesel Fuel

Author

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  • Md Mofijur Rahman

    (School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia)

  • Mohammad Rasul

    (School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia)

  • Nur Md Sayeed Hassan

    (School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia)

Abstract

Biodiesels are a renewable energy source, and they have the potential to be used as alternatives to diesel fuel. The aim of this study is to investigate the wear and friction characteristics of Australian native first generation and second generation biodiesels using a four-ball tribo tester. The biodiesel was produced through a two-step transesterification process and characterized according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The tribological experiment was carried out at a constant 1800 rpm and different loads and temperatures. In addition, the surface morphology of the ball was tested by scanning electron microscope (SEM)/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. The test results indicated that biodiesel fuels have a lower coefficient of frictions (COF) and lower wear scar diameter (WSD) up to 83.50% and 41.28%, respectively, compared to conventional diesel fuel. The worn surface area results showed that biodiesel fuel has a minimum percentage of C and O, except Fe, compared to diesel. In addition, the worn surface area for diesel was found (2.20%–27.92%) to be higher than biodiesel. The findings of this study indicated that both first and second generation biodiesel fuels have better tribological performance than diesel fuel, and between the biodiesel fuels, macadamia biodiesel showed better lubrication performance.

Suggested Citation

  • Md Mofijur Rahman & Mohammad Rasul & Nur Md Sayeed Hassan, 2017. "Study on the Tribological Characteristics of Australian Native First Generation and Second Generation Biodiesel Fuel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:10:y:2017:i:1:p:55-:d:86936
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    Cited by:

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    3. Mukhtar, M.N.A. & Hagos, Ftwi Y. & Noor, M.M. & Mamat, Rizalman & Abdullah, A. Adam & Abd Aziz, Abd Rashid, 2019. "Tri-fuel emulsion with secondary atomization attributes for greener diesel engine – A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 490-506.
    4. Mahmudul, H.M. & Hagos, F.Y. & Mamat, R. & Adam, A. Abdul & Ishak, W.F.W. & Alenezi, R., 2017. "Production, characterization and performance of biodiesel as an alternative fuel in diesel engines – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 497-509.
    5. Mohammad Anwar & Mohammad G. Rasul & Nanjappa Ashwath & Md Mofijur Rahman, 2018. "Optimisation of Second-Generation Biodiesel Production from Australian Native Stone Fruit Oil Using Response Surface Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-18, September.
    6. Sharzali Che Mat & Mohamad Yusof Idroas & Yew Heng Teoh & Mohd Fadzli Hamid, 2018. "Physicochemical, Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Melaleuca Cajuputi Oil-Refined Palm Oil Hybrid Biofuel Blend," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-20, November.
    7. Nasha Wei & Zhi Chen & Yuandong Xu & Fengshou Gu & Andrew Ball, 2021. "The Investigation into the Tribological Impact of Alternative Fuels on Engines Based on Acoustic Emission," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-20, April.
    8. M. Mukhtar N. A. & Abd Rashid Abd Aziz & Ftwi Y. Hagos & M. M. Noor & Kumaran Kadirgama & Rizalman Mamat & A. Adam Abdullah, 2019. "The Influence of Formulation Ratio and Emulsifying Settings on Tri-Fuel (Diesel–Ethanol–Biodiesel) Emulsion Properties," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-24, May.

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