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LNG Regasification Terminals: The Role of Geography and Meteorology on Technology Choices

Author

Listed:
  • Randeep Agarwal

    (Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia)

  • Thomas J. Rainey

    (Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
    Biofuel Engine Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia)

  • S. M. Ashrafur Rahman

    (Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
    Biofuel Engine Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia)

  • Ted Steinberg

    (Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia)

  • Robert K. Perrons

    (Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia)

  • Richard J. Brown

    (Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
    Biofuel Engine Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia)

Abstract

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects are regulated by host countries, but policy and regulation should depend on geography and meteorology. Without considering the role of geography and meteorology, sub-optimal design choices can result, leading to energy conversion efficiency and capital investment decisions that are less than ideal. A key step in LNG is regasification, which transforms LNG back from liquid to the gaseous state and requires substantial heat input. This study investigated different LNG regasification technologies used around the world and benchmarked location and meteorology-related factors, such as seawater temperatures, ambient air temperatures, wind speeds and relative humidity. Seawater vaporizers are used for more than 95% of locations subject to water quality. Ambient air conditions are relatively better for South America, India, Spain and other Asian countries (Singapore, Taiwan, Indonesia, and Thailand) and provide a much cleaner regasification technology option for natural and forced draft systems and air-based intermediate fluid vaporizers. On a global basis, cold energy utilization currently represents <1% of the total potential, but this approach could deliver nearly 12 Gigawatt (GW) per annum. Overall, climate change is expected to have a positive financial impact on the LNG regasification industry, but the improvement could be unevenly distributed.

Suggested Citation

  • Randeep Agarwal & Thomas J. Rainey & S. M. Ashrafur Rahman & Ted Steinberg & Robert K. Perrons & Richard J. Brown, 2017. "LNG Regasification Terminals: The Role of Geography and Meteorology on Technology Choices," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-19, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:10:y:2017:i:12:p:2152-:d:123207
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhang, Na & Lior, Noam, 2006. "A novel near-zero CO2 emission thermal cycle with LNG cryogenic exergy utilization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 31(10), pages 1666-1679.
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    2. Filip Lisowski & Edward Lisowski, 2022. "Influence of Longitudinal Fin Tubes Arrangement in LNG Ambient Air Vaporizers on the Wind Load," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-11, January.
    3. Peters, Toby & Sayin, Leyla, 2022. "The Cold Economy," ADBI Working Papers 1326, Asian Development Bank Institute.
    4. Markéta Mikolajková-Alifov & Frank Pettersson & Margareta Björklund-Sänkiaho & Henrik Saxén, 2019. "A Model of Optimal Gas Supply to a Set of Distributed Consumers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-27, January.
    5. Zhang, Jinrui & Meerman, Hans & Benders, René & Faaij, André, 2021. "Techno-economic and life cycle greenhouse gas emissions assessment of liquefied natural gas supply chain in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    6. Maytungkorn Sermsuk & Yanin Sukjai & Montri Wiboonrat & Kunlanan Kiatkittipong, 2021. "Utilising Cold Energy from Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) to Reduce the Electricity Cost of Data Centres," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-17, October.
    7. Peters, Toby & Sayin, Leylan, 2022. "Future-Proofing Sustainable Cooling Demand," ADBI Working Papers 1316, Asian Development Bank Institute.
    8. Zheng, Siyang & Li, Chenghao & Zeng, Zhiyong, 2022. "Thermo-economic analysis, working fluids selection, and cost projection of a precooler-integrated dual-stage combined cycle (PIDSCC) system utilizing cold exergy of liquefied natural gas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PC).
    9. Gordon, Jeffrey M. & Moses, Gilad & Katz, Eugene A., 2021. "Boosting silicon photovoltaic efficiency from regasification of liquefied natural gas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 214(C).
    10. Sermsuk, Maytungkorn & Sukjai, Yanin & Wiboonrat, Montri & Kiatkittipong, Kunlanan, 2022. "Feasibility study of a combined system of electricity generation and cooling from liquefied natural gas to reduce the electricity cost of data centres," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PA).
    11. Pospíšil, Jiří & Charvát, Pavel & Arsenyeva, Olga & Klimeš, Lubomír & Špiláček, Michal & Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír, 2019. "Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 1-15.
    12. Agnieszka Magdalena Kalbarczyk-Jedynak & Magdalena Ślączka-Wilk & Magdalena Kaup & Wojciech Ślączka & Dorota Łozowicka, 2022. "Assessment of Explosion Safety Status within the Area of an LNG Terminal in a Function of Selected Parameters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-34, May.

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