IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jcltec/v5y2023i3p39-827d1179903.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Offshore Electrical Grid Layout Optimization for Floating Wind—A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Magnus Daniel Kallinger

    (Power Systems Group, Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, 2a, Sant Adrià de Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Jordi Girona 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain)

  • José Ignacio Rapha

    (Power Systems Group, Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, 2a, Sant Adrià de Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Pau Trubat Casal

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Jordi Girona 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain)

  • José Luis Domínguez-García

    (Power Systems Group, Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, 2a, Sant Adrià de Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain)

Abstract

Electrical grid layout optimization should consider the placements of turbines and substations and include effects such as wake losses, power losses in cables, availability of different cable types, reliability-based power losses and operational/decommissioning cost besides the initial investment cost. Hence, optimizing the levelized cost of energy is beneficial capturing long-term effects. The main contribution of this review paper is to identify the current works and trends on electrical layout optimization for offshore wind farms as well as to analyze the applicability of the found optimization approaches to commercial-scale floating wind farms which have hardly been investigated so far. Considering multiple subproblems (i.e., micrositing and cabling), simultaneous or nested approaches are advantageous as they avoid sequential optimization of the individual problems. To cope with this combinatorial problem, metaheuristics seems to offer optimal or at least close-to-optimal results while being computationally much less expensive than deterministic methods. It is found that floating wind brings new challenges which have not (or only insufficiently) been considered in present optimization works. This will also be reflected in a higher complexity and thus influence the suitability of applicable optimization techniques. New aspects include the mobility of structures, the configurations and interactions of dynamic cables and station-keeping systems, the increased likelihood of prevailing heterogeneous seabeds introducing priority zones regarding anchor and riser installation, the increased importance of reliability and maintainability due to stricter weather limits, and new floating specific wind farm control methods to reduce power losses. All these facets are crucial to consider when thoroughly optimizing the levelized cost of energy of commercial-scale floating offshore wind farms.

Suggested Citation

  • Magnus Daniel Kallinger & José Ignacio Rapha & Pau Trubat Casal & José Luis Domínguez-García, 2023. "Offshore Electrical Grid Layout Optimization for Floating Wind—A Review," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 5(3), pages 1-37, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jcltec:v:5:y:2023:i:3:p:39-827:d:1179903
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8797/5/3/39/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8797/5/3/39/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Pookpunt, Sittichoke & Ongsakul, Weerakorn, 2013. "Optimal placement of wind turbines within wind farm using binary particle swarm optimization with time-varying acceleration coefficients," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 266-276.
    2. Arne Klein & Dag Haugland, 2019. "Obstacle-aware optimization of offshore wind farm cable layouts," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 272(1), pages 373-388, January.
    3. Wu, Yan & Zhang, Shuai & Wang, Ruiqi & Wang, Yufei & Feng, Xiao, 2020. "A design methodology for wind farm layout considering cable routing and economic benefit based on genetic algorithm and GeoSteiner," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 687-698.
    4. Javier Serrano González & Manuel Burgos Payán & Jesús Manuel Riquelme Santos & Ángel Gaspar González Rodríguez, 2021. "Optimal Micro-Siting of Weathervaning Floating Wind Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-19, February.
    5. Joanna Bauer & Jens Lysgaard, 2015. "The offshore wind farm array cable layout problem: a planar open vehicle routing problem," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 66(3), pages 360-368, March.
    6. Cazzaro, Davide & Fischetti, Martina & Fischetti, Matteo, 2020. "Heuristic algorithms for the Wind Farm Cable Routing problem," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    7. Serrano González, Javier & Trigo García, Ángel Luis & Burgos Payán, Manuel & Riquelme Santos, Jesús & González Rodríguez, Ángel Gaspar, 2017. "Optimal wind-turbine micro-siting of offshore wind farms: A grid-like layout approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 28-38.
    8. Hou, Peng & Hu, Weihao & Soltani, Mohsen & Chen, Cong & Chen, Zhe, 2017. "Combined optimization for offshore wind turbine micro siting," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 271-282.
    9. Adelaide Cerveira & Eduardo J. Solteiro Pires & José Baptista, 2021. "Wind Farm Cable Connection Layout Optimization with Several Substations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-14, June.
    10. Liu, Yang & Fu, Yang & Huang, Ling-ling & Ren, Zi-xu & Jia, Feng, 2022. "Optimization of offshore grid planning considering onshore network expansions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 91-104.
    11. Ruijuan Sun & Gayan Abeynayake & Jun Liang & Kewen Wang, 2021. "Reliability and Economic Evaluation of Offshore Wind Power DC Collection Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-24, May.
    12. Jin, Rongsen & Hou, Peng & Yang, Guangya & Qi, Yuanhang & Chen, Cong & Chen, Zhe, 2019. "Cable routing optimization for offshore wind power plants via wind scenarios considering power loss cost model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    13. Long Wang & Jianghai Wu & Zeling Tang & Tongguang Wang, 2019. "An Integration Optimization Method for Power Collection Systems of Offshore Wind Farms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-16, October.
    14. Chakib El Mokhi & Adnane Addaim, 2020. "Optimization of Wind Turbine Interconnections in an Offshore Wind Farm Using Metaheuristic Algorithms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-24, July.
    15. Yuanhang Qi & Peng Hou & Guisong Liu & Rongsen Jin & Zhile Yang & Guangya Yang & Zhaoyang Dong, 2021. "Cable Connection Optimization for Heterogeneous Offshore Wind Farms via a Voronoi Diagram Based Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization with Local Search," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-21, January.
    16. Fischetti, Martina & Pisinger, David, 2018. "Optimizing wind farm cable routing considering power losses," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 270(3), pages 917-930.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wu, Yan & Xia, Tianqi & Wang, Yufei & Zhang, Haoran & Feng, Xiao & Song, Xuan & Shibasaki, Ryosuke, 2022. "A synchronization methodology for 3D offshore wind farm layout optimization with multi-type wind turbines and obstacle-avoiding cable network," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 302-320.
    2. Martina Fischetti & Matteo Fischetti, 2023. "Integrated Layout and Cable Routing in Wind Farm Optimal Design," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(4), pages 2147-2164, April.
    3. Jin, Rongsen & Hou, Peng & Yang, Guangya & Qi, Yuanhang & Chen, Cong & Chen, Zhe, 2019. "Cable routing optimization for offshore wind power plants via wind scenarios considering power loss cost model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    4. Cazzaro, Davide & Fischetti, Martina & Fischetti, Matteo, 2020. "Heuristic algorithms for the Wind Farm Cable Routing problem," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    5. Zhang, Lijun & Li, Ye & Xu, Wenhao & Gao, Zhiteng & Fang, Long & Li, Rongfu & Ding, Boyin & Zhao, Bin & Leng, Jun & He, Fenglan, 2022. "Systematic analysis of performance and cost of two floating offshore wind turbines with significant interactions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 321(C).
    6. Yuanhang Qi & Peng Hou & Guisong Liu & Rongsen Jin & Zhile Yang & Guangya Yang & Zhaoyang Dong, 2021. "Cable Connection Optimization for Heterogeneous Offshore Wind Farms via a Voronoi Diagram Based Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization with Local Search," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-21, January.
    7. Pedersen, Jaap & Weinand, Jann Michael & Syranidou, Chloi & Rehfeldt, Daniel, 2024. "An efficient solver for large-scale onshore wind farm siting including cable routing," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 317(2), pages 616-630.
    8. Aguayo, Maichel M. & Fierro, Pablo E. & De la Fuente, Rodrigo A. & Sepúlveda, Ignacio A. & Figueroa, Dante M., 2021. "A mixed-integer programming methodology to design tidal current farms integrating both cost and benefits: A case study in the Chacao Channel, Chile," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    9. Cazzaro, Davide & Koza, David Franz & Pisinger, David, 2023. "Combined layout and cable optimization of offshore wind farms," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 311(1), pages 301-315.
    10. Long Wang & Jianghai Wu & Zeling Tang & Tongguang Wang, 2019. "An Integration Optimization Method for Power Collection Systems of Offshore Wind Farms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-16, October.
    11. Butterwick, Thomas & Kheiri, Ahmed & Lulli, Guglielmo & Gromicho, Joaquim & Kreeft, Jasper, 2023. "Application of selection hyper-heuristics to the simultaneous optimisation of turbines and cabling within an offshore windfarm," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 1-16.
    12. Amorosi, Lavinia & Fischetti, Martina & Paradiso, Rosario & Roberti, Roberto, 2024. "Optimization models for the installation planning of offshore wind farms," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 315(3), pages 1182-1196.
    13. Houssem R. E. H. Bouchekara & Yusuf A. Sha’aban & Mohammad S. Shahriar & Makbul A. M. Ramli & Abdullahi A. Mas’ud, 2023. "Wind Farm Layout Optimization/Expansion with Real Wind Turbines Using a Multi-Objective EA Based on an Enhanced Inverted Generational Distance Metric Combined with the Two-Archive Algorithm 2," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-32, January.
    14. Wu, Xiawei & Hu, Weihao & Huang, Qi & Chen, Cong & Jacobson, Mark Z. & Chen, Zhe, 2020. "Optimizing the layout of onshore wind farms to minimize noise," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).
    15. Feng, Ju & Shen, Wen Zhong, 2017. "Design optimization of offshore wind farms with multiple types of wind turbines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 1283-1297.
    16. Song, Jeonghwan & Kim, Taewan & You, Donghyun, 2023. "Particle swarm optimization of a wind farm layout with active control of turbine yaws," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 738-747.
    17. José Baptista & Beatriz Jesus & Adelaide Cerveira & Eduardo J. Solteiro Pires, 2023. "Offshore Wind Farm Layout Optimisation Considering Wake Effect and Power Losses," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-22, June.
    18. Song, Dongran & Yan, Jiaqi & Gao, Yang & Wang, Lei & Du, Xin & Xu, Zhiliang & Zhang, Zhihong & Yang, Jian & Dong, Mi & Chen, Yang, 2023. "Optimization of floating wind farm power collection system using a novel two-layer hybrid method," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).
    19. Lo Brutto, Ottavio A. & Guillou, Sylvain S. & Thiébot, Jérôme & Gualous, Hamid, 2017. "Assessing the effectiveness of a global optimum strategy within a tidal farm for power maximization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 653-666.
    20. Tiago A. Antunes & Rui Castro & Paulo J. Santos & Armando J. Pires, 2023. "Power-from-Shore Optioneering for Integration of Offshore Renewable Energy in Oil and Gas Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-23, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jcltec:v:5:y:2023:i:3:p:39-827:d:1179903. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.