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Hydrothermal Carbonization of Spent Osmotic Solution (SOS) Generated from Osmotic Dehydration of Blueberries

Author

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  • Kaushlendra Singh

    (Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Design, West Virginia University, 322 Percival Hall, P.O. Box 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506-6125, USA)

  • Litha Sivanandan

    (West Virginia University Extension Service, West Virginia University, G-006 Agricultural Science Building, P.O. Box 6108, Morgantown, WV 26506-6108, USA)

Abstract

Hydrothermal carbonization of spent osmotic solution (SOS), a waste generated from osmotic dehydration of fruits, has the potential of transformation into hydrochars, a value-added product, while reducing cost and overall greenhouse gas emissions associated with waste disposal. Osmotic solution (OS) and spent osmotic solution (SOS) generated from the osmotic dehydration of blueberries were compared for their thermo-chemical decomposition behavior and hydrothermal carbonization. OS and SOS samples were characterized for total solids, elemental composition, and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). In addition, hydrothermal carbonization was performed at 250 °C and for 30 min to produce hydrochars. The hydrochars were characterized for elemental composition, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, particle shape and surface morphology. TGA results show that the SOS sample loses more weight in the lower temperature range than the OS sample. Both samples produced, approximately, 40%–42% (wet-feed basis) hydrochar during hydrothermal carbonization but with different properties. The OS sample produced hydrochar, which had spherical particles of 1.79 ± 1.30 μm diameter with a very smooth surface. In contrast, the SOS sample produced hydrochar with no definite particle shape but with a raspberry-like surface.

Suggested Citation

  • Kaushlendra Singh & Litha Sivanandan, 2014. "Hydrothermal Carbonization of Spent Osmotic Solution (SOS) Generated from Osmotic Dehydration of Blueberries," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 4(3), pages 1-21, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:4:y:2014:i:3:p:239-259:d:40318
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Toor, Saqib Sohail & Rosendahl, Lasse & Rudolf, Andreas, 2011. "Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass: A review of subcritical water technologies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 2328-2342.
    2. Wenjia Jin & Kaushlendra Singh & John Zondlo, 2013. "Pyrolysis Kinetics of Physical Components of Wood and Wood-Polymers Using Isoconversion Method," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 3(1), pages 1-21, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Bide Zhang & Mohammad Heidari & Bharat Regmi & Shakirudeen Salaudeen & Precious Arku & Mahendra Thimmannagari & Animesh Dutta, 2018. "Hydrothermal Carbonization of Fruit Wastes: A Promising Technique for Generating Hydrochar," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-14, August.
    2. Trishan Deb Abhi & Omid Norouzi & Kevin Macdermid-Watts & Mohammad Heidari & Syeda Tasnim & Animesh Dutta, 2021. "Miscanthus to Biocarbon for Canadian Iron and Steel Industries: An Innovative Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-18, July.

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