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Modeling and Optimization of Maize Yield and Water Use Efficiency under Biochar, Inorganic Fertilizer and Irrigation Using Principal Component Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Oluwaseun Temitope Faloye

    (Department of Water Resources Management and Agrometeorology, Federal University, PMB 373, Oye 371104, Ekiti State, Nigeria
    Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Christian Albrechts University zu Kiel, Hermann Rodewaldstr. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany)

  • Ayodele Ebenezer Ajayi

    (Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Christian Albrechts University zu Kiel, Hermann Rodewaldstr. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
    Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure 340252, Ondo State, Nigeria
    Institute for Fourth Industrial Revolution, SE Bogoro Centre, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti 360001, Ekiti State, Nigeria)

  • Philip Gbenro Oguntunde

    (Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure 340252, Ondo State, Nigeria)

  • Viroon Kamchoom

    (Excellent Centre for Green and Sustainable Infrastructure, School of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand)

  • Abayomi Fasina

    (Department of Soil Science and Land Resources Management, Federal University, PMB 373, Oye 371104, Ekiti State, Nigeria)

Abstract

This study was conducted to predict the grain yield of a maize crop from easy-to-measure growth parameters and select the best treatment combinations of biochar, inorganic fertilizer, and irrigation for the maize grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique. Two rates of biochar (0 and 20 t ha −1 ) and fertilizer (0 and 300 kg ha −1 ) were applied to the soil, with maize crop planted, and subjected to deficit irrigation at 60, 80, and 100% of full irrigation amounts (FIA). Maize growth parameters (number of leaves—NL, leaf area—LA, leaf area index—LAI, and plant height—PH) were measured weekly. The results showed that the developed principal component regression (PCR) from the easy-to-measure growth parameters were strong and moderate in predicting the maize yield and WUE, with coefficient of determination; r 2 values of 0.92 and 0.56, respectively. Using the PCA technique, the integration of irrigation with the least amount of water (60% FAI) with biochar (20 t ha −1 ) and fertilizer (300 kg ha −1 ) produced the highest ranking on grain yield and water use efficiency. This optimization technique showed that with the adoption of the integrative approach, 40% of irrigation water could be saved for other agricultural purposes

Suggested Citation

  • Oluwaseun Temitope Faloye & Ayodele Ebenezer Ajayi & Philip Gbenro Oguntunde & Viroon Kamchoom & Abayomi Fasina, 2024. "Modeling and Optimization of Maize Yield and Water Use Efficiency under Biochar, Inorganic Fertilizer and Irrigation Using Principal Component Analysis," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-20, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:14:y:2024:i:10:p:1813-:d:1498666
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Olaf Erenstein & Moti Jaleta & Kai Sonder & Khondoker Mottaleb & B.M. Prasanna, 2022. "Global maize production, consumption and trade: trends and R&D implications," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 14(5), pages 1295-1319, October.
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