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Estimation of Air Pollutant Emissions by Tractor Utilization in Korea

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  • Myoung Ho Kim

    (Department of Bioindustrial Machinery Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
    Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
    Institute for Agricultural Machinery & ICT Convergence, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea)

  • Seong Min Kim

    (Department of Bioindustrial Machinery Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
    Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
    Institute for Agricultural Machinery & ICT Convergence, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
    Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

The utilization of tractors is essential because of both the shortage of agricultural labor forces and the rapid aging of farmers in Korean agriculture. Tractors can be classified into two types: a walking tractor called as a power tiller, and a riding tractor. In this study, diesel emission inventories of tractors were established and variations of air pollutants were analyzed with each other using 2011 and 2019 survey data in Korea. Agricultural tractors including walking and riding types, which were categorized into three levels via the rated output power, were the main sources of diesel emissions. The emission inventory including CO, NOx, SOx, TSP(PM 10 ), PM 2.5 , VOCs, and NH 3 were established using a Tier 3 methodology. The total amount of emissions using agricultural tractors was decreased by about 13% from 2011 to 2019. The number of walking tractors were decreased by about 19% in 8 years; on the other hand, that of riding tractors were increased by about 12%. However, the emission reduction is about 48% for walking tractors, and the emission increment is about 5% for riding tractors. Thus, the total emission from agricultural tractors was decreased by about 16% in those periods. It is due to the decrease of 21% and 15% in the hours of use of walking and riding tractors, respectively, in 2019. Walking tractors mainly emit air pollutants from spraying and transporting. Riding tractors emit about 61% of the total air pollutants mainly from soil preparation and transporting operations. The geographic information system (GIS) was used to visualize the distribution of air pollutants in Korea. High-emission generating regions and the changes of emissions over 8 years were clearly seen in the GIS analysis. High air-pollutant emitting regions are mainly located in the western and southern regions of Korea, which have plenty of arable areas compared to other regions in Korea.

Suggested Citation

  • Myoung Ho Kim & Seong Min Kim, 2023. "Estimation of Air Pollutant Emissions by Tractor Utilization in Korea," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-13, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:13:y:2023:i:9:p:1811-:d:1239693
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gyu-Gang Han & Jun-Hyuk Jeon & Yong-Jin Cho & Myoung-Ho Kim & Seong-Min Kim, 2021. "Analysis of Air Pollutant Emissions for Mechanized Rice Cultivation in Korea," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-11, December.
    2. J. Lelieveld & J. S. Evans & M. Fnais & D. Giannadaki & A. Pozzer, 2015. "The contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to premature mortality on a global scale," Nature, Nature, vol. 525(7569), pages 367-371, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Pankaj Kumar & Vinod Kumar, 2024. "Preface to the Special Issue “Agricultural Environmental Pollution, Risk Assessment, and Control”," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-3, January.

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