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Analysis of Air Pollutant Emissions for Mechanized Rice Cultivation in Korea

Author

Listed:
  • Gyu-Gang Han

    (Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea)

  • Jun-Hyuk Jeon

    (Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea)

  • Yong-Jin Cho

    (Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
    Department of Bioindustrial Machinery Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
    Institute for Agricultural Machinery & ICT Convergence, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea)

  • Myoung-Ho Kim

    (Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
    Department of Bioindustrial Machinery Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
    Institute for Agricultural Machinery & ICT Convergence, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea)

  • Seong-Min Kim

    (Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
    Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
    Department of Bioindustrial Machinery Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
    Institute for Agricultural Machinery & ICT Convergence, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea)

Abstract

In Korea, rice is a major staple grain and it is mainly cultivated using various types of agricultural machinery. Air pollutants emitted from agricultural machinery have their origins mainly from the exhaustion of internal combustion engines. In this study, the emission characteristics of five main air pollutants by the European Environment Agency’s Tier 1 method for rice cultivation were analyzed. Diesel is a main fuel for agricultural machinery and gasoline is generally used only for rice transplanters as a fuel in Korea. Tractors consume 46% of total fuel consumption and 56% of diesel fuel consumption. Gasoline used for rice transplanters accounts for about 17% of the total fuel consumption each year. Tractors and rice transplanters emit 82% of all total pollutants. From 2011 to 2019, the total amount of air pollutant emissions decreased by 15%. That accounted for the reduction of rice cultivation fields in those periods. Rice transplanting operation accounts for 42% of total emissions. Then, harrowing, harvesting, tilling, leveling, and pest control operations generated 10%, 10%, 8%, 8%, and 7% of total emissions, respectively. The contribution of each air pollutant held 54% of CO, 39% of NOx, 5% of NMVOC, and 2% of TSP from the total emission inventory. The three major regions emitting air pollutants from mechanized agricultural practices were Jeollanam-do, Chungcheongnam-do, and Jeollabuk-do, which consume 55% of the total fuel usage in rice farming. The total amount of air pollutant emissions from rice cultivation practices in 2019 was calculated as 8448 tons in Korea.

Suggested Citation

  • Gyu-Gang Han & Jun-Hyuk Jeon & Yong-Jin Cho & Myoung-Ho Kim & Seong-Min Kim, 2021. "Analysis of Air Pollutant Emissions for Mechanized Rice Cultivation in Korea," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:11:y:2021:i:12:p:1208-:d:692474
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Elsoragaby, Suha & Yahya, Azmi & Mahadi, Muhammad Razif & Nawi, Nazmi Mat & Mairghany, Modather, 2019. "Analysis of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) of transplanting and broadcast seeding wetland rice cultivation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    2. J. Lelieveld & J. S. Evans & M. Fnais & D. Giannadaki & A. Pozzer, 2015. "The contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to premature mortality on a global scale," Nature, Nature, vol. 525(7569), pages 367-371, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Šimun Lončarević & Petar Ilinčić & Zoran Lulić & Darko Kozarac, 2022. "Developing a Spatial Emission Inventory of Agricultural Machinery in Croatia by Using Large-Scale Survey Data," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-18, November.
    2. Myoung Ho Kim & Seong Min Kim, 2023. "Estimation of Air Pollutant Emissions by Tractor Utilization in Korea," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-13, September.

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