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Analysis of the Available Straw Nutrient Resources and Substitution of Chemical Fertilizers with Straw Returned Directly to the Field in China

Author

Listed:
  • Jingmiao Shao

    (Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Chunyu Gao

    (Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Patience Afi Seglah

    (Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)

  • Jie Xie

    (Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)

  • Li Zhao

    (Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)

  • Yuyun Bi

    (Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)

  • Yajing Wang

    (Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)

Abstract

Returning straw to the field is the most significant straw utilization technique for China’s green development. It can provide nutrients for crop growth and improve soil organic matter content. However, there are no standard parameters for measuring the nutrient content of straw directly returned to the field. In addition, the nutrient content of straw in the field is disregarded and the least researched. Therefore, to address these issues, the current research examines the main nutrient composition of straw returned directly to fields and the potential substitution of straw for chemical fertilizers. This study used the latest data on the crop straw-to-grain ratio and straw’s direct return to the field from the Database of Agricultural Crops Straws Resources in China (DACSRC) as the basis for a detailed estimation of the amount of crop straw nutrient resources and straw’s direct return to the field. The straw nutrient resources were measured based on straw yield and the nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P 2 O 5 ), and potassium (K 2 O) contents. The results reveal that the maximum amount of straw returned directly to the fields in China was 517 teragram (Tg), while 128 Tg (25%) of the total was not collected but left on the field. The North China region had an enormous amount of direct straw return at 176 Tg (34%), while South China had the least amount at 26 Tg (5%). The amounts of seasonally available N, P 2 O 5 , and K 2 O from straw directly returned to fields are 2 Tg, 1 Tg, and 7 Tg, respectively. In addition, the amount of available straw nutrient resources returned to the field per hectare (ha) was 78 kg. The quantity of straw-originating seasonally available nutrients corresponds to 23% of the chemical fertilizers applied, which can substitute 10% N, 9% P 2 O 5 , and 58% K 2 O. The study provides critical insights on effective ways to improve straw fertilization through an increased rate of straw returned directly to fields and releasing seasonal nutrients.

Suggested Citation

  • Jingmiao Shao & Chunyu Gao & Patience Afi Seglah & Jie Xie & Li Zhao & Yuyun Bi & Yajing Wang, 2023. "Analysis of the Available Straw Nutrient Resources and Substitution of Chemical Fertilizers with Straw Returned Directly to the Field in China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-20, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:13:y:2023:i:6:p:1187-:d:1162893
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yang, Zhiyuan & Zhu, Yuemei & Zhang, Jinyue & Li, Xuyi & Ma, Peng & Sun, Jiawei & Sun, Yongjian & Ma, Jun & Li, Na, 2022. "Comparison of energy use between fully mechanized and semi-mechanized rice production in Southwest China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Zhe Zhao & Yali Yang & Hongtu Xie & Yixin Zhang & Hongbo He & Xudong Zhang & Shijun Sun, 2024. "Enhancing Sustainable Agriculture in China: A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Straw and Manure on Crop Yield and Soil Fertility," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-27, March.
    2. Zeyu Tang & Xiaoyu Zhang & Ruxin Chen & Chaomin Ge & Jianjun Tang & Yanqiang Du & Peikun Jiang & Xiaobo Fang & Huabao Zheng & Cheng Zhang, 2024. "A Comprehensive Assessment of Rice Straw Returning in China Based on Life Cycle Assessment Method: Implications on Soil, Crops, and Environment," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-16, June.
    3. Juan Hu & Xianjiao Guan & Xihuan Liang & Binqiang Wang & Xianmao Chen & Xiaolin He & Jiang Xie & Guoqiang Deng & Ji Chen & Xiuxiu Li & Caifei Qiu & Yinfei Qian & Chunrui Peng & Kun Zhang & Jin Chen, 2024. "Optimizing the Nitrogen Fertilizer Management to Maximize the Benefit of Straw Returning on Early Rice Yield by Modulating Soil N Availability," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-14, July.
    4. Zhenwei Tong & Hongwen Li & Jin He & Qingjie Wang & Caiyun Lu & Chao Wang & Guangyuan Zhong & Dandan Cui & Dengkun Li, 2023. "Design and Experiment of In Situ Soil-Lifting Shovel for Direct-Injection Straw Deep-Burial Machine," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-19, August.
    5. Shangying Cai & Yi Ma & Zhenkang Bao & Ziying Yang & Xiangyu Niu & Qingzhen Meng & Dongsheng Qin & Yan Wang & Junfeng Wan & Xiaoying Guo, 2024. "The Impacts of the C/N Ratio on Hydrogen Sulfide Emission and Microbial Community Characteristics during Chicken Manure Composting with Wheat Straw," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-18, June.
    6. Limin Chuan & Shijie Qi & Hui Zhang & Qian Jia & Ailing Wang & Jingjuan Zhao, 2024. "International Development Trends in the Field of Agricultural Resources and the Environment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-15, July.

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