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Description of Meteorological Indices Presented Based on Long-Term Yields of Winter Wheat in Southern Germany

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  • Kurt Heil

    (School of Life Sciences, Forschungsdepartment Life Science Systems, Chair of Plant Nutrition, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, D-85350 Freising, Germany
    School of Life Sciences, Forschungsdepartment Life Science Systems, Chair of Organic Agriculture and Agronomy, Technical University Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany)

  • Christian Klöpfer

    (School of Life Sciences, Forschungsdepartment Life Science Systems, Chair of Organic Agriculture and Agronomy, Technical University Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany)

  • Kurt-Jürgen Hülsbergen

    (School of Life Sciences, Forschungsdepartment Life Science Systems, Chair of Organic Agriculture and Agronomy, Technical University Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany)

  • Urs Schmidhalter

    (School of Life Sciences, Forschungsdepartment Life Science Systems, Chair of Plant Nutrition, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, D-85350 Freising, Germany)

Abstract

This study had three main objectives. First, weather indices were listed and their derivations were described to show which weather parameters could be used to describe the influence on agricultural yields. Second, farmers and agricultural scientists should be given the opportunity to evaluate the weather of the observation years in the study region. Furthermore, significant fluctuations in winter wheat yields were compared with weather events. As weather variables, 45 meteorological indices were used, such as precipitation-, temperature-, precipitation-temperature-, growing-period-, and radiation-related indices. In the case of winter wheat, heat waves and dry periods were the most important factors that affected the yields. For the past 20 years, in particular, there have been recurrent spring and summer months with low precipitation and, in some cases, significantly too warm periods, such as in 2003 and 2018 (April to October 2003: +16% °C, 2018: +27% °C, 2003: −38% mm, 2018: −12% mm in relation to 1978 to 2020), which were associated with particularly high yield losses. The qualitative assessments illustrate that in the observation period, years with reduced yield compared with the multiannual trend were frequently well explainable by extreme weather events.

Suggested Citation

  • Kurt Heil & Christian Klöpfer & Kurt-Jürgen Hülsbergen & Urs Schmidhalter, 2023. "Description of Meteorological Indices Presented Based on Long-Term Yields of Winter Wheat in Southern Germany," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-21, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:13:y:2023:i:10:p:1904-:d:1250130
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kai Kornhuber & Dim Coumou & Elisabeth Vogel & Corey Lesk & Jonathan F. Donges & Jascha Lehmann & Radley M. Horton, 2020. "Amplified Rossby waves enhance risk of concurrent heatwaves in major breadbasket regions," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 48-53, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sijia Yang & Renjun Wang & Jianghua Zheng & Wanqiang Han & Jiantao Lu & Pengyu Zhao & Xurui Mao & Hong Fan, 2024. "Remote Sensing-Based Monitoring of Cotton Growth and Its Response to Meteorological Factors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-21, May.
    2. Luca Regni & Daniele Del Buono & Primo Proietti, 2024. "Abiotic Stresses, Biostimulants and Plant Activity—Series II," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-4, August.

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