IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eme/sefpps/sef-06-2017-0146.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Cross-border merger and acquisition activities in Asia: the role of macroeconomic factors

Author

Listed:
  • Yusnidah Ibrahim
  • Jimoh Olajide Raji

Abstract

Purpose - This paper aims to examine the influence of key macroeconomic factors on the inward and outward acquisition activities of six ASEAN (ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations) countries, namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam, over the 1996-2015 period. Design/methodology/approach - The study uses alternative panel data methods, including pooled mean group, mean group and dynamic fixed-effect estimators. Findings - The results indicate that gross domestic product (GDP), interest rate, exchange rate, money supply and inflation rate are the most important macroeconomic factors explaining the trends of cross-border mergers and acquisition outflows of the ASEAN-6 countries. Specifically, GDP, money supply and inflation rate have significant positive relationships with acquisition outflows, while interest rate and exchange rate exert significant negative influence. On the other hand, the authors find four significant macroeconomic factors explaining the trends of the inward acquisitions. Essentially, GDP, money supply and inflation rate have significant positive impacts on inward acquisitions, while the impact of exchange rate is negatively significant. Research limitations/implications - Unavailability of data limits this study to pool six sample countries from ASEAN, instead of ten representative member countries. Practical implications - The results of this study can signal to firms or investors, involving in cross-border mergers and acquisitions, where to direct foreign resources flows. Moreover, having the knowledge about the relative levels of market size and other macroeconomic factors in both home and host countries can be of great importance for investment decision. Therefore, policymakers of ASEAN countries should make appropriate macroeconomic policies that can stimulate inward and outward acquisitions. Originality/value - The main contribution of this paper is that it is the first to present the analysis of macroeconomic influences on the trends of inward and outward merger and acquisition activities in six ASEAN countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Yusnidah Ibrahim & Jimoh Olajide Raji, 2018. "Cross-border merger and acquisition activities in Asia: the role of macroeconomic factors," Studies in Economics and Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 35(2), pages 307-329, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:eme:sefpps:sef-06-2017-0146
    DOI: 10.1108/SEF-06-2017-0146
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SEF-06-2017-0146/full/html?utm_source=repec&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=repec
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers
    File URL: https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SEF-06-2017-0146/full/pdf?utm_source=repec&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=repec
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1108/SEF-06-2017-0146?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. John H Dunning, 2009. "Location and the multinational enterprise: A neglected factor?," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 40(1), pages 5-19, January.
    2. Kinateder, Harald & Fabich, Matthias & Wagner, Niklas, 2017. "Domestic mergers and acquisitions in BRICS countries: Acquirers and targets," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 190-199.
    3. Ovtchinnikov, Alexei V., 2013. "Merger waves following industry deregulation," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 21(C), pages 51-76.
    4. Juthathip Jongwanich & Douglas H. Brooks & Archanun Kohpaiboon, 2013. "Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions and Financial Development: Evidence from Emerging Asia," Asian Economic Journal, East Asian Economic Association, vol. 27(3), pages 265-284, September.
    5. Zhu, PengCheng & Jog, Vijay & Otchere, Isaac, 2011. "Partial acquisitions in emerging markets: A test of the strategic market entry and corporate control hypotheses," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 17(2), pages 288-305, April.
    6. Amar I. Anwar & Mazhar Y. Mughal, 2017. "Out of Africa? Locational determinants of South African cross-border mergers and acquisitions," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(33), pages 3263-3279, July.
    7. Uddin, Moshfique & Boateng, Agyenim, 2011. "Explaining the trends in the UK cross-border mergers & acquisitions: An analysis of macro-economic factors," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 20(5), pages 547-556, October.
    8. Stiebale, Joel, 2013. "The impact of cross-border mergers and acquisitions on the acquirers' R & D Firm-level evidence," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 31(4), pages 307-321.
    9. Pablo, Eduardo, 2009. "Determinants of cross-border M&As in Latin America," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 62(9), pages 861-867, September.
    10. Hong, Sunghoon & Kim, Sangho, 2003. "Locational Determinants of Korean Manufacturing Investments in the European Union," Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, Hitotsubashi University, vol. 44(1), pages 91-103, June.
    11. Jung Hur & Rasyad A. Parinduri & Yohanes E. Riyanto, 2011. "Cross‐Border M&A Inflows And Quality Of Country Governance: Developing Versus Developed Countries," Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 16(5), pages 638-655, December.
    12. William P. Wan, 2005. "Country Resource Environments, Firm Capabilities, and Corporate Diversification Strategies," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 42(1), pages 161-182, January.
    13. repec:hhs:iuiwop:554 is not listed on IDEAS
    14. Hongchao Zeng & Ying Huang, 2016. "The impact of capital shocks on M & A transactions," Studies in Economics and Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 33(1), pages 126-146, March.
    15. Reza Yaghoubi & Mona Yaghoubi & Stuart Locke & Jenny Gibb, 2016. "Mergers and acquisitions: a review. Part 1," Studies in Economics and Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 33(1), pages 147-188, March.
    16. Pesaran, M. Hashem & Smith, Ron, 1995. "Estimating long-run relationships from dynamic heterogeneous panels," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 68(1), pages 79-113, July.
    17. Oxelheim, Lars & Randøy, Trond & Stonehill, Arthur, 2001. "On the treatment of finance-specific factors within the OLI paradigm," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 10(4), pages 381-398, August.
    18. Tolentino, Paz Estrella, 2010. "Home country macroeconomic factors and outward FDI of China and India," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 16(2), pages 102-120, June.
    19. Xie, En & Reddy, K.S. & Liang, Jie, 2017. "Country-specific determinants of cross-border mergers and acquisitions: A comprehensive review and future research directions," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 52(2), pages 127-183.
    20. Reza Yaghoubi & Mona Yaghoubi & Stuart Locke & Jenny Gibb, 2016. "Mergers and acquisitions: a review (part 2)," Studies in Economics and Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 33(3), pages 437-464, August.
    21. Shimizu, Katsuhiko & Hitt, Michael A. & Vaidyanath, Deepa & Pisano, Vincenzo, 2004. "Theoretical foundations of cross-border mergers and acquisitions: A review of current research and recommendations for the future," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 10(3), pages 307-353.
    22. Harford, Jarrad, 2005. "What drives merger waves?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(3), pages 529-560, September.
    23. Kenneth A. Froot & Jeremy C. Stein, 1991. "Exchange Rates and Foreign Direct Investment: An Imperfect Capital Markets Approach," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 106(4), pages 1191-1217.
    24. Kiymaz, Halil, 2009. "The impact of country risk ratings on U.S. firms in large cross-border acquisitions," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 20(3), pages 235-247.
    25. John H Dunning, 1980. "Towards an Eclectic Theory of International Production: Some Empirical Tests," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 11(1), pages 9-31, March.
    26. Gonzalez, Pedro & Vasconcellos, Geraldo M. & Kish, Richard J., 1998. "Cross-border mergers and acquisitions: The undervaluation hypothesis," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 25-45.
    27. Stoian, Carmen & Filippaios, Fragkiskos, 2008. "Dunning's eclectic paradigm: A holistic, yet context specific framework for analysing the determinants of outward FDI: Evidence from international Greek investments," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 17(3), pages 349-367, June.
    28. Huan Zou & Paul Simpson, 2008. "Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions in China: An Industry Panel Study, 1991--2005," Asia Pacific Business Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(4), pages 491-512, October.
    29. John Henry Hall, 2016. "Industry-specific determinants of shareholder value creation," Studies in Economics and Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 33(2), pages 190-208, June.
    30. Pascal Nguyen & Nahid Rahman & Ruoyun Zhao, 2017. "Returns to acquirers of listed and unlisted targets: an empirical study of Australian bidders," Studies in Economics and Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 34(1), pages 24-48, March.
    31. World Bank, 2015. "World Development Indicators 2015," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 21634.
    32. Caves, Richard E., 1989. "Mergers, takeovers, and economic efficiency : Foresight vs. hindsight," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 7(1), pages 151-174, March.
    33. Vasconcellos, Geraldo M. & Madura, Jeff & Kish, Richard J., 1990. "An empirical investigation of factors affecting cross-border acquisitions: the United States vs. United Kingdom experience," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 1(3), pages 173-189.
    34. Alba, Joseph D. & Park, Donghyun & Wang, Peiming, 2009. "Corporate governance and merger and acquisition (M&A) FDI: Firm-level evidence from Japanese FDI into the US," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 19(1), pages 1-11, February.
    35. Peter Nisbet & Wayne Thomas & Stuart Barrett, 2003. "UK direct investment in the United States: a mode of entry analysis," International Journal of the Economics of Business, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(3), pages 245-259.
    36. Im, Kyung So & Pesaran, M. Hashem & Shin, Yongcheol, 2003. "Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 115(1), pages 53-74, July.
    37. Xu, Emma Qianying, 2017. "Cross-border merger waves," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 207-231.
    38. Forssbæck, Jens & Oxelheim, Lars, 2008. "Finance-specific factors as drivers of cross-border investment--An empirical investigation," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 17(6), pages 630-641, December.
    39. Yagil, Joseph, 1996. "Mergers and macro-economic factors," Review of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 5(2), pages 181-190.
    40. Vasconcellos, G. M. & Kish, R. J., 1998. "Cross-border mergers and acquisitions: the European-US experience," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 8(4), pages 431-450, November.
    41. Jeffrey J. Reuer & Mitchell P. Koza, 2000. "Asymmetric information and joint venture performance: theory and evidence for domestic and international joint ventures," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(1), pages 81-88, January.
    42. Sanjeev Agarwal & Sridhar N Ramaswami, 1992. "Choice of Foreign Market Entry Mode: Impact of Ownership, Location and Internationalization Factors," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 23(1), pages 1-27, March.
    43. G. S. Maddala & Shaowen Wu, 1999. "A Comparative Study of Unit Root Tests with Panel Data and a New Simple Test," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 61(S1), pages 631-652, November.
    44. World Bank, 2016. "World Development Indicators 2016," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 23969.
    45. Michael McCann, 2001. "Cross-border acquisitions: the UK experience," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(4), pages 457-461.
    46. Nam-Hoon Kang & Sara Johansson, 2000. "Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions: Their Role in Industrial Globalisation," OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers 2000/1, OECD Publishing.
    47. Levin, Andrew & Lin, Chien-Fu & James Chu, Chia-Shang, 2002. "Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite-sample properties," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 108(1), pages 1-24, May.
    48. Yılmaz, Işıl Sevilay & Tanyeri, Başak, 2016. "Global Merger and Acquisition (M&A) activity: 1992–2011," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 17(C), pages 110-117.
    49. repec:bla:obuest:v:61:y:1999:i:0:p:631-52 is not listed on IDEAS
    50. Bangake, Chrysost & Eggoh, Jude C., 2012. "Pooled Mean Group estimation on international capital mobility in African countries," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 66(1), pages 7-17.
    51. Steven Globerman & Daniel M Shapiro, 1999. "The Impact of Government Policies on Foreign Direct Investment: The Canadian Experience," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 30(3), pages 513-532, September.
    52. Somlev, Ilian P. & Hoshino, Yasuo, 2005. "Influence of location factors on establishment and ownership of foreign investments: The case of the Japanese manufacturing firms in Europe," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 14(5), pages 577-598, October.
    53. Vasconcellos, Geraldo M. & Kish, Richard J., 1996. "Factors affecting cross-border mergers and acquisitions: The Canada-U.S. experience," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 7(2), pages 223-238.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Vissa, Siva Kameswari & Thenmozhi, M., 2022. "What determines mergers and acquisitions in BRICS countries: Liquidity, exchange rate or innovation?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    2. Raghavendra, Chandrika & Sharif, Taimur & Mahesh, Rampilla & Yadav, Miklesh Prasad & Abedin, Mohammad Zoynul, 2023. "Do market, resource and knowledge distance impact inbound cross-border acquisition?," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    3. Kumar, Deepak & Sengupta, Keya & Bhattacharya, Mousumi, 2023. "Macroeconomic influences on M&A deal outcomes: An analysis of domestic and cross-border M&As in developed and emerging economies," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Uddin, Moshfique & Boateng, Agyenim, 2011. "Explaining the trends in the UK cross-border mergers & acquisitions: An analysis of macro-economic factors," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 20(5), pages 547-556, October.
    2. Reddy, Kotapati Srinivasa, 2015. "Determinants of Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions: A Comprehensive Review and Future Direction," MPRA Paper 63969, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2015.
    3. Xie, En & Reddy, K.S. & Liang, Jie, 2017. "Country-specific determinants of cross-border mergers and acquisitions: A comprehensive review and future research directions," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 52(2), pages 127-183.
    4. Boateng, Agyenim & Hua, Xiuping & Uddin, Moshfique & Du, Min, 2014. "Home country macroeconomic factors on outward cross-border mergers and acquisitions: Evidence from the UK," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 202-216.
    5. Kumar, Deepak & Sengupta, Keya & Bhattacharya, Mousumi, 2023. "Macroeconomic influences on M&A deal outcomes: An analysis of domestic and cross-border M&As in developed and emerging economies," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    6. Reddy, Kotapati Srinivasa, 2015. "Revisiting and Reinforcing the Farmers Fox Theory: A Study (Test) of Three Cases in Cross-border Inbound Acquisitions," MPRA Paper 63561, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2015.
    7. Boateng, Agyenim & Hua, Xiuping & Nisar, Shaista & Wu, Junjie, 2015. "Examining the determinants of inward FDI: Evidence from Norway," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 118-127.
    8. Kinateder, Harald & Fabich, Matthias & Wagner, Niklas, 2017. "Domestic mergers and acquisitions in BRICS countries: Acquirers and targets," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 190-199.
    9. Raghavendra, Chandrika & Sharif, Taimur & Mahesh, Rampilla & Yadav, Miklesh Prasad & Abedin, Mohammad Zoynul, 2023. "Do market, resource and knowledge distance impact inbound cross-border acquisition?," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    10. Nusair, Salah A., 2019. "Oil price and inflation dynamics in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 997-1011.
    11. Sheereen Fauzel* & Boopen Seetanah & RV Sannassee, 2015. "Foreign direct investment and welfare nexus in sub Saharan Africa," Journal of Developing Areas, Tennessee State University, College of Business, vol. 49(4), pages 271-283, October-D.
    12. Mathur MAYANK, 2020. "Macroeconomic View of Mergers and Acquisitions in the Technology Industry," Economics and Applied Informatics, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, issue 1, pages 147-155.
    13. Basu, Debarati & Mitra, Shabana & Purohit, Archana, 2023. "Does effective democracy explain MNE location choice?: Attractiveness to FDI and cross-border M&As," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    14. Eman Elish, 2022. "Political and productive capacity characteristics as outward foreign direct investment push factors from BRICS countries," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 1-10, December.
    15. Vasudeva N.R. Murthy & Natalya Ketenci, 2021. "The Feldstein–Horioka hypothesis for African countries: Evidence from recent panel error‐correction modelling," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(4), pages 5762-5774, October.
    16. Osabuohien-Irabor Osarumwense & Drapkin Igor M., 2023. "Global Outward Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth Across Income Groups: The Mediating Effect of Home Country Institutions," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(2), pages 21582440231, April.
    17. Herwartz, Helmut & Reimers, Hans-Eggert, 2006. "Modelling the Fisher hypothesis: World wide evidence," Economics Working Papers 2006-04, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Department of Economics.
    18. Cem Ertur & Antonio Musolesi, 2017. "Weak and Strong Cross‐Sectional Dependence: A Panel Data Analysis of International Technology Diffusion," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 32(3), pages 477-503, April.
    19. Lin, Boqiang & Omoju, Oluwasola E., 2017. "Focusing on the right targets: Economic factors driving non-hydro renewable energy transition," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 52-63.
    20. Acar, Pinar & Berk, Istemi, 2022. "Power infrastructure quality and industrial performance: A panel data analysis on OECD manufacturing sectors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PC).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eme:sefpps:sef-06-2017-0146. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Emerald Support (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.