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The allocation of buses in heavily utilized networks with overlapping routes

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  • Han, Anthony F.
  • Wilson, Nigel H. M.

Abstract

Many transit systems outside North America are characterized by networks with extensively overlapping routes and buses frequently operating at, or close to, capacity. This paper addresses the problem of allocating a fleet of buses between routes in this type of system; a problem that must be solved recurrently by transit planners. A formulation of the problem is developed which recognizes passenger route choice behavior, and seeks to minimize a function of passenger wait time and bus crowding subject to constraints on the number of buses available and the provision of enough capacity on each route to carry all passengers who would select it. An algorithm is developed based on the decomposition of the problem into base allocation and surplus allocation components. The base allocation identifies a feasible solution using an (approx.) minimum number of buses. The surplus allocation is illustrated for the simple objective of minimizing the maximum crowding level on any route. The bus allocation procedure developed in this paper has been applied to part of the Cairo bus system in a completely manual procedure, and is proposed to be the central element of a short-range bus service planning process for that city.

Suggested Citation

  • Han, Anthony F. & Wilson, Nigel H. M., 1982. "The allocation of buses in heavily utilized networks with overlapping routes," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 221-232, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transb:v:16:y:1982:i:3:p:221-232
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    1. Grolle, Jorik & Donners, Barth & Annema, Jan Anne & Duinkerken, Mark & Cats, Oded, 2024. "Service design and frequency setting for the European high-speed rail network," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    2. Guihaire, Valérie & Hao, Jin-Kao, 2008. "Transit network design and scheduling: A global review," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 42(10), pages 1251-1273, December.
    3. Martínez, Héctor & Mauttone, Antonio & Urquhart, María E., 2014. "Frequency optimization in public transportation systems: Formulation and metaheuristic approach," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 236(1), pages 27-36.
    4. S. Mahmassani, Hani & F. Hyland, Michael, 2016. "Gap-based transit assignment algorithm with vehicle capacity constraints: Simulation-based implementation and large-scale applicationAuthor-Name: Verbas, Ömer," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 93(PA), pages 1-16.
    5. Dakic, Igor & Yang, Kaidi & Menendez, Monica & Chow, Joseph Y.J., 2021. "On the design of an optimal flexible bus dispatching system with modular bus units: Using the three-dimensional macroscopic fundamental diagram," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 38-59.
    6. Yan, Shangyao & Chi, Chin-Jen & Tang, Ching-Hui, 2006. "Inter-city bus routing and timetable setting under stochastic demands," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 40(7), pages 572-586, August.
    7. Herbon, Avi & Hadas, Yuval, 2015. "Determining optimal frequency and vehicle capacity for public transit routes: A generalized newsvendor model," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 85-99.
    8. Steven I.-Jy Chien & Yavuz Y. Ulusoy & Chien-Hung Wei, 2010. "Integrated transit services for minimum cost operation considering heterogeneous demand," Transportation Planning and Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(7), pages 605-624, July.
    9. Ren, Hualing & Song, Yingjie & Long, Jiancheng & Si, Bingfeng, 2021. "A new transit assignment model based on line and node strategies," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 121-142.
    10. Hatzenbühler, Jonas & Cats, Oded & Jenelius, Erik, 2020. "Transitioning towards the deployment of line-based autonomous buses: Consequences for service frequency and vehicle capacity," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 491-507.
    11. Manser, Patrick & Becker, Henrik & Hörl, Sebastian & Axhausen, Kay W., 2020. "Designing a large-scale public transport network using agent-based microsimulation," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 1-15.
    12. Verbas, İ. Ömer & Mahmassani, Hani S., 2015. "Exploring trade-offs in frequency allocation in a transit network using bus route patterns: Methodology and application to large-scale urban systems," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 577-595.
    13. Benjamin Otto, 2019. "Aggregation techniques for frequency assignment in public transportation," Public Transport, Springer, vol. 11(1), pages 51-87, June.
    14. Belgacem Bouzaïene-Ayari & Michel Gendreau & Sang Nguyen, 2001. "Modeling Bus Stops in Transit Networks: A Survey and New Formulations," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 35(3), pages 304-321, August.
    15. Yan, Shangyao & Chen, Hao-Lei, 2002. "A scheduling model and a solution algorithm for inter-city bus carriers," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 805-825, November.
    16. Ibarra-Rojas, O.J. & Delgado, F. & Giesen, R. & Muñoz, J.C., 2015. "Planning, operation, and control of bus transport systems: A literature review," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 38-75.
    17. David Schmaranzer & Roland Braune & Karl F. Doerner, 2020. "Population-based simulation optimization for urban mass rapid transit networks," Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal, Springer, vol. 32(4), pages 767-805, December.
    18. David Schmaranzer & Roland Braune & Karl F. Doerner, 2021. "Multi-objective simulation optimization for complex urban mass rapid transit systems," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 305(1), pages 449-486, October.
    19. Hemant Kumar Suman & Nomesh B. Bolia, 2019. "Mitigation of overcrowding in buses through bus planning," Public Transport, Springer, vol. 11(1), pages 159-187, June.
    20. Sánchez-Martínez, Gabriel E. & Koutsopoulos, Haris N. & Wilson, Nigel H.M., 2016. "Optimal allocation of vehicles to bus routes using automatically collected data and simulation modelling," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 268-276.
    21. Weiya Chen & Xin Liu & Dingfang Chen & Xin Pan, 2019. "Setting Headways on a Bus Route under Uncertain Conditions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-13, May.

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