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People’s current mobility costs and willingness to pay for Mobility as a Service offerings

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  • Liljamo, Timo
  • Liimatainen, Heikki
  • Pöllänen, Markus
  • Utriainen, Roni

Abstract

Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is a concept that is based on the idea of providing customers with comprehensive mobility services by seamlessly combining various modes of transport. The scientific research on this theme has increased considerably over the last few years, but very little research has so far been conducted on people’s willingness to pay for new MaaS services. This study presents the results of a survey (representative sample size 6,000, number of respondents 1,176, response rate 19.6%) conducted in Finland regarding people’s willingness to pay for MaaS offerings. The study also estimates the current mobility costs of the respondents and relates their willingness to pay for MaaS to their mobility costs. Analysis includes also a linear regression model of willingness to pay for MaaS. As a result of the study, it was found that 43% of the respondents would be willing to adopt a mobility package, assuming it could cover all mobility needs of the respondent. For such a mobility package, the respondents were willing to pay approximately €140 on average, while their relative willingness to pay was an average of approximately 64% of their current mobility costs. However, it should be noted that due the limitations of the study, the results are mostly indicative and further research is called for to grasp the multifaceted qualitative elements related to willingness to pay for MaaS. This study shows some significant variation between user groups in the respondents’ willingness to pay relative to their estimated mobility costs, as well as their absolute willingness to pay. The variation maybe due to the fact that MaaS is still largely unknown as a concept and the challenge that the mobility package which fulfils individual needs differs from person to person. According to the results, MaaS should lower the mobility costs for users in order to be financially attractive.

Suggested Citation

  • Liljamo, Timo & Liimatainen, Heikki & Pöllänen, Markus & Utriainen, Roni, 2020. "People’s current mobility costs and willingness to pay for Mobility as a Service offerings," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 99-119.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transa:v:136:y:2020:i:c:p:99-119
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2020.03.034
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ho, Chinh Q. & Hensher, David A. & Mulley, Corinne & Wong, Yale Z., 2018. "Potential uptake and willingness-to-pay for Mobility as a Service (MaaS): A stated choice study," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 302-318.
    2. Lyons, Glenn & Hammond, Paul & Mackay, Kate, 2019. "The importance of user perspective in the evolution of MaaS," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 22-36.
    3. Marine Le Gall-Ely, 2009. "Definition, Measurement and Determinants of the Consumer's Willingness to Pay: a Critical Synthesis and Directions for Further Research," Post-Print hal-00522828, HAL.
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    2. Yinying He & Csaba Csiszár, 2021. "Model for Crowdsourced Parcel Delivery Embedded into Mobility as a Service Based on Autonomous Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-24, May.
    3. Lopez-Carreiro, Iria & Monzon, Andres & Lopez, Elena & Lopez-Lambas, Maria Eugenia, 2020. "Urban mobility in the digital era: An exploration of travellers' expectations of MaaS mobile-technologies," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    4. Timo Liljamo & Heikki Liimatainen & Markus Pöllänen & Riku Viri, 2021. "The Effects of Mobility as a Service and Autonomous Vehicles on People’s Willingness to Own a Car in the Future," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-28, February.
    5. Lopez-Carreiro, Iria & Monzon, Andres & Lopez-Lambas, Maria E., 2021. "Comparison of the willingness to adopt MaaS in Madrid (Spain) and Randstad (The Netherlands) metropolitan areas," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 275-294.
    6. Tsouros, Ioannis & Tsirimpa, Athena & Pagoni, Ioanna & Polydoropoulou, Amalia, 2021. "MaaS users: Who they are and how much they are willing-to-pay," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 470-480.
    7. Nikitas, Alexandros & Cotet, Corneliu & Vitel, Alexandra-Elena & Nikitas, Nikolaos & Prato, Carlo, 2024. "Transport stakeholders’ perceptions of Mobility-as-a-Service: A Q-study of cultural shift proponents, policy advocates and technology supporters," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
    8. Kayikci, Yasanur & Kabadurmus, Ozgur, 2022. "Barriers to the adoption of the mobility-as-a-service concept: The case of Istanbul, a large emerging metropolis," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 219-236.
    9. Reck, Daniel J. & Hensher, David A. & Ho, Chinh Q., 2020. "MaaS bundle design," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 485-501.
    10. Basu, Rounaq & Ferreira, Joseph, 2021. "Sustainable mobility in auto-dominated Metro Boston: Challenges and opportunities post-COVID-19," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 197-210.
    11. Ho, Chinh Q. & Hensher, David A. & Reck, Daniel J. & Lorimer, Sam & Lu, Ivy, 2021. "MaaS bundle design and implementation: Lessons from the Sydney MaaS trial," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 339-376.
    12. Kriswardhana, Willy & Esztergár-Kiss, Domokos, 2023. "Exploring the aspects of MaaS adoption based on college students’ preferences," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 113-125.
    13. van 't Veer, Renske & Annema, Jan Anne & Araghi, Yashar & Homem de Almeida Correia, Gonçalo & van Wee, Bert, 2023. "Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS): A latent class cluster analysis to identify Dutch vehicle owners’ use intention," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).

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