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Neighborhoods and adolescent health-risk behavior: An ecological network approach

Author

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  • Browning, Christopher R.
  • Soller, Brian
  • Jackson, Aubrey L.

Abstract

This study integrates insights from social network analysis, activity space perspectives, and theories of urban and spatial processes to present an novel approach to neighborhood effects on health-risk behavior among youth. We suggest spatial patterns of neighborhood residents' non-home routines may be conceptualized as ecological, or “eco”-networks, which are two-mode networks that indirectly link residents through socio-spatial overlap in routine activities. We further argue structural configurations of eco-networks are consequential for youth's behavioral health. In this study we focus on a key structural feature of eco-networks – the neighborhood-level extent to which household dyads share two or more activity locations, or eco-network reinforcement – and its association with two dimensions of health-risk behavior, substance use and delinquency/sexual activity. Using geographic data on non-home routine activity locations among respondents from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey (L.A.FANS), we constructed neighborhood-specific eco-networks by connecting sampled households to “activity clusters,” which are sets of spatially-proximate activity locations. We then measured eco-network reinforcement and examined its association with dimensions of adolescent health risk behavior employing a sample of 830 youth ages 12–17 nested in 65 census tracts. We also examined whether neighborhood-level social processes (collective efficacy and intergenerational closure) mediate the association between eco-network reinforcement and the outcomes considered. Results indicated eco-network reinforcement exhibits robust negative associations with both substance use and delinquency/sexual activity scales. Eco-network reinforcement effects were not explained by potential mediating variables. In addition to introducing a novel theoretical and empirical approach to neighborhood effects on youth, our findings highlight the importance of intersecting conventional routines for adolescent behavioral health.

Suggested Citation

  • Browning, Christopher R. & Soller, Brian & Jackson, Aubrey L., 2015. "Neighborhoods and adolescent health-risk behavior: An ecological network approach," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 163-172.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:125:y:2015:i:c:p:163-172
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.06.028
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Inagami, Sanae & Cohen, Deborah A. & Finch, Brian K., 2007. "Non-residential neighborhood exposures suppress neighborhood effects on self-rated health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 65(8), pages 1779-1791, October.
    2. Kwan, Mei-Po, 2009. "From place-based to people-based exposure measures," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(9), pages 1311-1313, November.
    3. Patrick Royston, 2004. "Multiple imputation of missing values," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 4(3), pages 227-241, September.
    4. Garry Robins & Malcolm Alexander, 2004. "Small Worlds Among Interlocking Directors: Network Structure and Distance in Bipartite Graphs," Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory, Springer, vol. 10(1), pages 69-94, May.
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    1. O'Brien, Daniel T. & Farrell, Chelsea & Welsh, Brandon C., 2019. "Broken (windows) theory: A meta-analysis of the evidence for the pathways from neighborhood disorder to resident health outcomes and behaviors," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 272-292.
    2. Du, Xi & Kim, Youn Kyoung, 2020. "Family functioning and adolescent behavior problems: A moderated mediation model of caregiver depression and neighborhood collective efficacy," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).

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