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A review of the gender effect on pay, corporate performance and entry into top management

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  • Mohan, Nancy

Abstract

The frequency of women occupying the CEO office has increased but remains at low levels, less than 5% for the Fortune 500 companies. Several studies during the last decade consider the barriers that women may face when competing for top management positions. Other research examines potential compensation differences. More recently, some researchers show that CEO gender could affect corporate performance. This review paper summarizes these findings and suggests areas where more inquiry is needed to resolve conflicting results.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohan, Nancy, 2014. "A review of the gender effect on pay, corporate performance and entry into top management," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 41-51.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:reveco:v:34:y:2014:i:c:p:41-51
    DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2014.06.005
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    2. Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad & Yoshino, Naoyuki & Fukuda, Lisa, 2019. "Gender and Corporate Success: An Empirical Analysis of Gender-Based Corporate Performance on a Sample of Asian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises," ADBI Working Papers 937, Asian Development Bank Institute.
    3. Francis, Bill B. & Hasan, Iftekhar & Shen, Yinjie (Victor) & Wu, Qiang, 2021. "Do activist hedge funds target female CEOs? The role of CEO gender in hedge fund activism," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(1), pages 372-393.
    4. Farzan Yahya & Li Meiling & Chien‐Chiang Lee & Muhammad Waqas & Zhang Shaohua, 2022. "Gender diversity, sustainability reporting, CEO overconfidence, and efficient risk‐taking: Evidence from South Asian agri‐food industry," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 70(3), pages 219-238, September.
    5. Rebérioux, Antoine & Roudaut, Gwenael, 2016. "Gender Quota inside the Boardroom: Female Directors as New Key Players?," CEPREMAP Working Papers (Docweb) 1603, CEPREMAP.
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    7. Nadeem, Muhammad & Suleman, Tahir & Ahmed, Ammad, 2019. "Women on boards, firm risk and the profitability nexus: Does gender diversity moderate the risk and return relationship?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 427-442.
    8. Tao, Yu-Li & Chuang, Hwei-Lin & Lin, Eric S., 2016. "Compensation and performance in Major League Baseball: Evidence from salary dispersion and team performance," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 151-159.
    9. Hao, Xuejing & Hu, Feng & Li, Zhu, 2024. "Entrepreneur-investor gender match effects in startup funding: Evidence from an entrepreneurial-themed reality TV show in China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(PA), pages 811-832.
    10. Fitriya Fauzi & Abdul Basyith & Poh-Ling Ho, 2017. "Women on boardroom: Does it create risk?," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(1), pages 1325117-132, January.
    11. Brown, Alasdair & Yang, Fuyu, 2015. "Does society underestimate women? Evidence from the performance of female jockeys in horse racing," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 106-118.
    12. Adusei, Michael, 2019. "Board gender diversity and the technical efficiency of microfinance institutions: Does size matter?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 393-411.
    13. J. Samuel Baixauli-Soler & Maria Belda-Ruiz & Gregorio Sanchez-Marin, 2017. "An executive hierarchy analysis of stock options: Does gender matter?," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 11(4), pages 737-766, October.
    14. Nguyen, Tuan & Locke, Stuart & Reddy, Krishna, 2015. "Ownership concentration and corporate performance from a dynamic perspective: Does national governance quality matter?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 148-161.
    15. Santos, Sérgio P. & São José, José M.S., 2018. "Measuring and decomposing the gender pay gap: A new frontier approachAuthor-Name: Amado, Carla A.F," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 271(1), pages 357-373.
    16. Wang, Gang & Holmes, R. Michael & Devine, Richard A. & Bishoff, John, 2018. "CEO gender differences in careers and the moderating role of country culture: A meta-analytic investigation," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 30-53.
    17. Nguyen, Tuan & Nguyen, An & Nguyen, Mau & Truong, Thuyen, 2021. "Is national governance quality a key moderator of the boardroom gender diversity–firm performance relationship? International evidence from a multi-hierarchical analysis," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 370-390.
    18. Dedi Kusmayadi & Irman Firmansyah & Wildan Dwi Dermawan & Kurniawan Kurniawan, 2024. "Does an Energy Company’s Sensitivity Affect its Performance?: Environmental, Social and Governance Analysis in Coal, Gas, Oil, and Basic Materials Industry Companies," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 14(2), pages 234-243, March.
    19. Dai, Yunhao & Kong, Dongmin & Xu, Jin, 2017. "Does fairness breed efficiency? Pay gap and firm productivity in China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 406-422.
    20. Muhammad Nadeem & Ernest Gyapong & Ammad Ahmed, 2020. "Board gender diversity and environmental, social, and economic value creation: Does family ownership matter?," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(3), pages 1268-1284, March.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Gender; CEO; Top management; Compensation; Management style;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • G30 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - General
    • G34 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination

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