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A note on the hedging effectiveness of GARCH models

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  • Lien, Donald

Abstract

This note compares the hedging effectiveness of the conventional hedge ratio and time-varying conditional hedge ratios (of which GARCH ratio is a special case). It is shown that, in large sample cases, the conventional hedge ratio provides the best performance. For small sample cases, a sufficiently large variation in the conditional variance of the futures return is required to produce the opposite result. The result is due to the fact that the hedging effectiveness measure is based upon the unconditional variance; meanwhile, the conventional hedge ratio minimizes the unconditional variance and the conditional hedge ratio aims at minimizing the conditional variance.

Suggested Citation

  • Lien, Donald, 2009. "A note on the hedging effectiveness of GARCH models," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 18(1), pages 110-112, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:reveco:v:18:y:2009:i:1:p:110-112
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Donald Lien & Y. K. Tse & Albert Tsui, 2002. "Evaluating the hedging performance of the constant-correlation GARCH model," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(11), pages 791-798.
    2. Kroner, Kenneth F. & Sultan, Jahangir, 1993. "Time-Varying Distributions and Dynamic Hedging with Foreign Currency Futures," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 28(4), pages 535-551, December.
    3. Ederington, Louis H, 1979. "The Hedging Performance of the New Futures Markets," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 34(1), pages 157-170, March.
    4. Lien, Donald, 2005. "The use and abuse of the hedging effectiveness measure," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 14(2), pages 277-282.
    5. Copeland, Laurence & Zhu, Yanhui, 2006. "Hedging Effectiveness in the Index Futures Market," Cardiff Economics Working Papers E2006/10, Cardiff University, Cardiff Business School, Economics Section.
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    2. Phong Minh Nguyen & Darren Henry & Jae H. Kim & Sisira Colombage, 2024. "Estimation of Optimal Hedge Ratio: A Wild Bootstrap Approach," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-26, July.
    3. Fabio Filipozzi & Kersti Harkmann, 2014. "Currency hedge – walking on the edge?," Bank of Estonia Working Papers wp2014-5, Bank of Estonia, revised 10 Oct 2014.
    4. Dean Leistikow & Ren-Raw Chen, 2019. "Carry Cost Rate Regimes and Futures Hedge Ratio Variation," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-17, May.
    5. Aragó, Vicent & Salvador, Enrique, 2011. "Sudden changes in variance and time varying hedge ratios," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 215(2), pages 393-403, December.
    6. Sharma, Udayan & Karmakar, Madhusudan, 2023. "Measuring minimum variance hedging effectiveness: Traditional vs. sophisticated models," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    7. Su, Yongyang & Lau, Chi Keung Marco & Tan, Na, 2013. "Hedging China’s Energy Oil Market Risks," MPRA Paper 47134, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Dean Leistikow & Ren-Raw Chen & Yuewu Xu, 2022. "Spot asset carry cost rates and futures hedge ratios," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 58(4), pages 1741-1779, May.
    9. Bessler, Wolfgang & Leonhardt, Alexander & Wolff, Dominik, 2016. "Analyzing hedging strategies for fixed income portfolios: A Bayesian approach for model selection," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 239-256.
    10. Chen, Ren-Raw & Leistikow, Dean & Wang, Andrew, 2020. "Futures minimum variance hedge ratio determination: An ex-ante analysis," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    11. Alexander, Carol & Prokopczuk, Marcel & Sumawong, Anannit, 2013. "The (de)merits of minimum-variance hedging: Application to the crack spread," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 698-707.
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    14. Yu‐Sheng Lai, 2022. "Use of high‐frequency data to evaluate the performance of dynamic hedging strategies," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(1), pages 104-124, January.
    15. Ubukata, Masato, 2018. "Dynamic hedging performance and downside risk: Evidence from Nikkei index futures," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 270-281.
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    17. Park, Jin Suk & Shi, Yukun, 2017. "Hedging and speculative pressures and the transition of the spot-futures relationship in energy and metal markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 176-191.
    18. Gu, Yimiao & Chen, Zhenxi & Lien, Donald & Luo, Meifeng, 2020. "Quantile hedge ratio for forward freight market," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
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    21. Yingying Xu & Donald Lien, 2020. "Optimal futures hedging for energy commodities: An application of the GAS model," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 40(7), pages 1090-1108, July.

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