IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/rensus/v94y2018icp1153-1178.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Reducing industrial energy demand in the UK: A review of energy efficiency technologies and energy saving potential in selected sectors

Author

Listed:
  • Chowdhury, Jahedul Islam
  • Hu, Yukun
  • Haltas, Ismail
  • Balta-Ozkan, Nazmiye
  • Matthew, George Jr.
  • Varga, Liz

Abstract

Currently UK industrial and manufacturing sectors are facing dual challenges of contributing to national 80% reduction targets in CO2 emissions by 2050 (compared to 1990 levels) and improving economic competitiveness in the face of low cost imports. Since energy consumption is the main source of CO2 emissions and directly related to products being manufactured, improving energy efficiency in energy intensive sectors is key to achieve CO2 targets. Energy consumption is unlikely to meet the targets unless energy efficiency opportunities and technologies are fully explored and timely changes are made to business models and policies This study explores potential energy efficiency improvements from three perspectives: system efficiency of steam networks, waste heat recovery technologies and bioenergy/waste utilisation. Two UK energy-intensive sectors, iron and steel, and food and drink, are selected for analysis and discussion. Potential business models for energy efficiency are also reviewed as there are now a variety of energy service companies who can support adoption of appropriate technologies. Furthermore, drivers and barriers to the adoption of energy efficiency technologies are considered in this paper revealing the factors affecting the diffusion of energy efficient and waste heat recovery technologies and their interactions and interdependencies to energy consumptions. Findings show that it is possible to achieve energy consumption reduction in excess of 15% from a technical point of view, however improving energy efficiency in UK industry has been hindered due to some inter-related technical, economic, regulatory and social barriers. The findings help to demonstrate the significant potential for energy efficiency improvement in two industrial sectors, as well as showing the specific types of technologies relevant for different sectoral processes. The range of business models show opportunities for implementation and for developing innovative business models, addressing barriers, and using enablers to accelerate the diffusion of energy efficiency technologies in UK industry.

Suggested Citation

  • Chowdhury, Jahedul Islam & Hu, Yukun & Haltas, Ismail & Balta-Ozkan, Nazmiye & Matthew, George Jr. & Varga, Liz, 2018. "Reducing industrial energy demand in the UK: A review of energy efficiency technologies and energy saving potential in selected sectors," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 1153-1178.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:94:y:2018:i:c:p:1153-1178
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2018.06.040
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032118304775
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.rser.2018.06.040?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Aditiya, H.B. & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Chong, W.T. & Nur, Hadi & Sebayang, A.H., 2016. "Second generation bioethanol production: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 631-653.
    2. Jahedul Islam Chowdhury & Bao Kha Nguyen & David Thornhill & Yukun Hu & Payam Soulatiantork & Nazmiye Balta-Ozkan & Liz Varga, 2018. "Fuzzy Nonlinear Dynamic Evaporator Model in Supercritical Organic Rankine Cycle Waste Heat Recovery Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-24, April.
    3. Jahedul Islam Chowdhury & Bao Kha Nguyen & David Thornhill, 2015. "Modelling of Evaporator in Waste Heat Recovery System using Finite Volume Method and Fuzzy Technique," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-20, December.
    4. Paul W. Griffin & Geoffrey P. Hammond & Jonathan B. Norman, 2016. "Industrial energy use and carbon emissions reduction: a UK perspective," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 5(6), pages 684-714, November.
    5. Brückner, Sarah & Liu, Selina & Miró, Laia & Radspieler, Michael & Cabeza, Luisa F. & Lävemann, Eberhard, 2015. "Industrial waste heat recovery technologies: An economic analysis of heat transformation technologies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 157-167.
    6. Mousa, Elsayed & Wang, Chuan & Riesbeck, Johan & Larsson, Mikael, 2016. "Biomass applications in iron and steel industry: An overview of challenges and opportunities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 1247-1266.
    7. Chris Bataille & Henri Waisman & Michel Colombier & Laura Segafredo & Jim Williams & Frank Jotzo, 2016. "The need for national deep decarbonization pathways for effective climate policy," Climate Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(sup1), pages 7-26, June.
    8. Hasanuzzaman, M. & Rahim, N.A. & Saidur, R. & Kazi, S.N., 2011. "Energy savings and emissions reductions for rewinding and replacement of industrial motor," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 233-240.
    9. Shu, Gequn & Yu, Guopeng & Tian, Hua & Wei, Haiqiao & Liang, Xingyu, 2014. "A Multi-Approach Evaluation System (MA-ES) of Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC) used in waste heat utilization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 325-338.
    10. Liu, Ming & Saman, Wasim & Bruno, Frank, 2012. "Review on storage materials and thermal performance enhancement techniques for high temperature phase change thermal storage systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 2118-2132.
    11. Pantaleo, Antonio & Candelise, Chiara & Bauen, Ausilio & Shah, Nilay, 2014. "ESCO business models for biomass heating and CHP: Profitability of ESCO operations in Italy and key factors assessment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 237-253.
    12. Raven, R.P.J.M. & Verbong, G.P.J., 2009. "Boundary crossing innovations: Case studies from the energy domain," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 85-93.
    13. Kirmse, Christoph J.W. & Oyewunmi, Oyeniyi A. & Taleb, Aly I. & Haslam, Andrew J. & Markides, Christos N., 2017. "A two-phase single-reciprocating-piston heat conversion engine: Non-linear dynamic modelling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(P3), pages 359-375.
    14. Popp, J. & Lakner, Z. & Harangi-Rákos, M. & Fári, M., 2014. "The effect of bioenergy expansion: Food, energy, and environment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 559-578.
    15. Liyin Shen & Vivian W.Y. Tam & Lin Gan & Kunhui Ye & Zongnan Zhao, 2016. "Improving Sustainability Performance for Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) Projects," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-15, March.
    16. Scarlat, Nicolae & Dallemand, Jean-François & Monforti-Ferrario, Fabio & Banja, Manjola & Motola, Vincenzo, 2015. "Renewable energy policy framework and bioenergy contribution in the European Union – An overview from National Renewable Energy Action Plans and Progress Reports," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 969-985.
    17. Edwards, Joel & Othman, Maazuza & Burn, Stewart, 2015. "A review of policy drivers and barriers for the use of anaerobic digestion in Europe, the United States and Australia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 815-828.
    18. Thollander, Patrik & Backlund, Sandra & Trianni, Andrea & Cagno, Enrico, 2013. "Beyond barriers – A case study on driving forces for improved energy efficiency in the foundry industries in Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, and Sweden," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 636-643.
    19. Meier, Dietrich & van de Beld, Bert & Bridgwater, Anthony V. & Elliott, Douglas C. & Oasmaa, Anja & Preto, Fernando, 2013. "State-of-the-art of fast pyrolysis in IEA bioenergy member countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 619-641.
    20. B. Sudhakara Reddy & Gaudenz Assenza, 2007. "Barriers and Drivers to Energy Efficiency - A new Taxonomical Approach," Development Economics Working Papers 22348, East Asian Bureau of Economic Research.
    21. Tranter, R.B. & Swinbank, A. & Jones, P.J. & Banks, C.J. & Salter, A.M., 2011. "Assessing the potential for the uptake of on-farm anaerobic digestion for energy production in England," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(5), pages 2424-2430, May.
    22. Hong Gao & Chao Liu & Chao He & Xiaoxiao Xu & Shuangying Wu & Yourong Li, 2012. "Performance Analysis and Working Fluid Selection of a Supercritical Organic Rankine Cycle for Low Grade Waste Heat Recovery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(9), pages 1-15, August.
    23. Ghafoor, Abdul & Munir, Anjum, 2015. "Worldwide overview of solar thermal cooling technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 763-774.
    24. Schuster, A. & Karellas, S. & Aumann, R., 2010. "Efficiency optimization potential in supercritical Organic Rankine Cycles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 1033-1039.
    25. Zhang, Xinxin & He, Maogang & Zhang, Ying, 2012. "A review of research on the Kalina cycle," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(7), pages 5309-5318.
    26. Thornley, Patricia & Upham, Paul & Tomei, Julia, 2009. "Sustainability constraints on UK bioenergy development," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(12), pages 5623-5635, December.
    27. Wang, Dechang & Zhang, Jipeng & Tian, Xiaoliang & Liu, Dawei & Sumathy, K., 2014. "Progress in silica gel–water adsorption refrigeration technology," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 85-104.
    28. Hammond, G.P. & Norman, J.B., 2014. "Heat recovery opportunities in UK industry," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 387-397.
    29. Cagno, E. & Worrell, E. & Trianni, A. & Pugliese, G., 2013. "A novel approach for barriers to industrial energy efficiency," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 19(C), pages 290-308.
    30. Mirkhani, Nima & Amini, Ali & Ashjaee, Mehdi, 2017. "Thermo-economic analysis of transcritical CO2 cycles with bounded and unbounded reheats in low-temperature heat recovery applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 676-690.
    31. Markides, Christos N. & Smith, Thomas C.B., 2011. "A dynamic model for the efficiency optimization of an oscillatory low grade heat engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(12), pages 6967-6980.
    32. Jablonski, Sophie & Strachan, Neil & Brand, Christian & Bauen, Ausilio, 2010. "The role of bioenergy in the UK's energy future formulation and modelling of long-term UK bioenergy scenarios," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(10), pages 5799-5816, October.
    33. Jacob, Rhys & Belusko, Martin & Inés Fernández, A. & Cabeza, Luisa F. & Saman, Wasim & Bruno, Frank, 2016. "Embodied energy and cost of high temperature thermal energy storage systems for use with concentrated solar power plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 586-597.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ünal, Berat Berkan & Onaygil, Sermin & Acuner, Ebru & Cin, Rabia, 2022. "Application of energy efficiency obligation scheme for electricity distribution companies in Turkey," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    2. Lin, Boqiang & Chen, Yu, 2020. "Transportation infrastructure and efficient energy services: A perspective of China's manufacturing industry," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    3. Frate, Guido Francesco & Ferrari, Lorenzo & Lensi, Roberto & Desideri, Umberto, 2019. "Steam expander as a throttling valve replacement in industrial plants: A techno-economic feasibility analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 11-21.
    4. Lin, Boqiang & Chen, Yu, 2019. "Will economic infrastructure development affect the energy intensity of China's manufacturing industry?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 122-131.
    5. Parakram Pyakurel & Laurie Wright, 2021. "Energy and resources cooperation for greenhouse gases emissions reduction of industrial sector," Energy & Environment, , vol. 32(4), pages 635-647, June.
    6. Khayyam, Hamid & Naebe, Minoo & Milani, Abbas S. & Fakhrhoseini, Seyed Mousa & Date, Abhijit & Shabani, Bahman & Atkiss, Steve & Ramakrishna, Seeram & Fox, Bronwyn & Jazar, Reza N., 2021. "Improving energy efficiency of carbon fiber manufacturing through waste heat recovery: A circular economy approach with machine learning," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    7. Llera, Rocio & Vigil, Miguel & Díaz-Díaz, Sara & Martínez Huerta, Gemma Marta, 2022. "Prospective environmental and techno-economic assessment of steam production by means of heat pipes in the steel industry," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PD).
    8. Sovacool, Benjamin K. & Bazilian, Morgan & Griffiths, Steve & Kim, Jinsoo & Foley, Aoife & Rooney, David, 2021. "Decarbonizing the food and beverages industry: A critical and systematic review of developments, sociotechnical systems and policy options," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    9. Liu, Liang & Yang, Kun & Fujii, Hidemichi & Liu, Jun, 2021. "Artificial intelligence and energy intensity in China’s industrial sector: Effect and transmission channel," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 276-293.
    10. Juraj Šebo & Miriam Šebová & Iztok Palčič, 2021. "Implementation of Circular Economy Technologies: An Empirical Study of Slovak and Slovenian Manufacturing Companies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-17, November.
    11. Hu, Yukun & Tan, CK & Niska, John & Chowdhury, Jahedul Islam & Balta-Ozkan, Nazmiye & Varga, Liz & Roach, Paul Alun & Wang, Chunsheng, 2019. "Modelling and simulation of steel reheating processes under oxy-fuel combustion conditions – Technical and environmental perspectives," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 730-743.
    12. Broniszewski, Mariusz & Werle, Sebastian, 2020. "CO2 reduction methods and evaluation of proposed energy efficiency improvements in Poland’s large industrial plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    13. Bandeiras, F. & Gomes, M. & Coelho, P. & Fernandes, J., 2020. "Towards net zero energy in industrial and commercial buildings in Portugal," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    14. Mikhail A. Averbukh & Nikolay A. Zhukov & Stanislav V. Khvorostenko & Vasiliy I. Panteleev, 2019. "Reducing Electric Power Losses in the System of Power Supply Due to Compensation of Higher Harmonics of Currents: Economic and Energy Efficiency Outcomes," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 9(4), pages 396-403.
    15. Shi, Jinzhao & Liu, Dian & Du, Qiang & Cheng, T.C.E., 2023. "The role of the procurement commitment contract in a low-carbon supply chain with a capital-constrained supplier," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    16. Zhang, Di & Lv, Donghui & Yin, Changfang & Liu, Guilian, 2020. "Combined pinch and mathematical programming method for coupling integration of reactor and threshold heat exchanger network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
    17. Karol Tucki & Olga Orynycz & Andrzej Wasiak & Antoni Świć & Wojciech Dybaś, 2019. "Capacity Market Implementation in Poland: Analysis of a Survey on Consequences for the Electricity Market and for Energy Management," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-16, March.
    18. Gil, Gemma Oliver & Chowdhury, Jahedul Islam & Balta-Ozkan, Nazmiye & Hu, Yukun & Varga, Liz & Hart, Phil, 2021. "Optimising renewable energy integration in new housing developments with low carbon technologies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 527-540.
    19. Morales-España, Germán & Martínez-Gordón, Rafael & Sijm, Jos, 2022. "Classifying and modelling demand response in power systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    20. Liu, Zhao & Zhang, Huan & Zhang, Yue-Jun & Zhu, Tian-Tian, 2020. "How does industrial policy affect the eco-efficiency of industrial sector? Evidence from China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    21. Olusola Olaitan Ayeleru & Joshua Adeniyi Adeniran & Sula Bantubakhona Kwesi Ntsaluba & Lanrewaju Ibrahim Fajimi & Peter Apata Olubambi, 2023. "An Economic Analysis of Energy Consumption at Student Residences in a South African-Based Academic Institution Using NARX Neural Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-14, January.
    22. Walmsley, Timothy Gordon & Philipp, Matthias & Picón-Núñez, Martín & Meschede, Henning & Taylor, Matthew Thomas & Schlosser, Florian & Atkins, Martin John, 2023. "Hybrid renewable energy utility systems for industrial sites: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    23. Golmohamadi, Hessam, 2022. "Demand-side management in industrial sector: A review of heavy industries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    24. Zhang, Sheng & Yu, Ran & Wen, Zuhui & Xu, Jiayu & Liu, Peihan & Zhou, Yunqiao & Zheng, Xiaoqi & Wang, Lei & Hao, Jiming, 2023. "Impact of labor and energy allocation imbalance on carbon emission efficiency in China's industrial sectors," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
    25. Souhankar, Amirhossein & Mortezaee, Ahmad & Hafezi, Reza, 2023. "Potentials for energy-saving and efficiency capacities in Iran: An interpretive structural model to prioritize future national policies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PB).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Broniszewski, Mariusz & Werle, Sebastian, 2020. "CO2 reduction methods and evaluation of proposed energy efficiency improvements in Poland’s large industrial plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    2. Nikunj Gangar & Sandro Macchietto & Christos N. Markides, 2020. "Recovery and Utilization of Low-Grade Waste Heat in the Oil-Refining Industry Using Heat Engines and Heat Pumps: An International Technoeconomic Comparison," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-29, May.
    3. Jahedul Islam Chowdhury & Bao Kha Nguyen & David Thornhill & Yukun Hu & Payam Soulatiantork & Nazmiye Balta-Ozkan & Liz Varga, 2018. "Fuzzy Nonlinear Dynamic Evaporator Model in Supercritical Organic Rankine Cycle Waste Heat Recovery Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-24, April.
    4. Alva, Guruprasad & Lin, Yaxue & Fang, Guiyin, 2018. "An overview of thermal energy storage systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 341-378.
    5. Oyewunmi, Oyeniyi A. & Kirmse, Christoph J.W. & Haslam, Andrew J. & Müller, Erich A. & Markides, Christos N., 2017. "Working-fluid selection and performance investigation of a two-phase single-reciprocating-piston heat-conversion engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(P3), pages 376-395.
    6. Konadu, D. Dennis & Mourão, Zenaida Sobral & Allwood, Julian M. & Richards, Keith S. & Kopec, Grant & McMahon, Richard & Fenner, Richard, 2015. "Land use implications of future energy system trajectories—The case of the UK 2050 Carbon Plan," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 328-337.
    7. Oluleye, Gbemi & Jobson, Megan & Smith, Robin & Perry, Simon J., 2016. "Evaluating the potential of process sites for waste heat recovery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 627-646.
    8. Lin, Yuancheng & Chong, Chin Hao & Ma, Linwei & Li, Zheng & Ni, Weidou, 2022. "Quantification of waste heat potential in China: A top-down Societal Waste Heat Accounting Model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PB).
    9. Steven Lecompte & Oyeniyi A. Oyewunmi & Christos N. Markides & Marija Lazova & Alihan Kaya & Martijn Van den Broek & Michel De Paepe, 2017. "Case Study of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for Waste Heat Recovery from an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-16, May.
    10. Tan, Jingqi & Wei, Jianjian & Jin, Tao, 2020. "Electrical-analogy network model of a modified two-phase thermofluidic oscillator with regenerator for low-grade heat recovery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    11. Noor Jalo & Ida Johansson & Mariana Andrei & Therese Nehler & Patrik Thollander, 2021. "Barriers to and Drivers of Energy Management in Swedish SMEs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-21, October.
    12. Mette Talseth Solnørdal & Lene Foss, 2018. "Closing the Energy Efficiency Gap—A Systematic Review of Empirical Articles on Drivers to Energy Efficiency in Manufacturing Firms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-30, February.
    13. Syamimi Saadon & Nur Athirah Mohd Nasir, 2020. "Performance and Sustainability Analysis of an Organic Rankine Cycle System in Subcritical and Supercritical Conditions for Waste Heat Recovery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-24, June.
    14. Ziviani, Davide & Beyene, Asfaw & Venturini, Mauro, 2014. "Advances and challenges in ORC systems modeling for low grade thermal energy recovery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 79-95.
    15. Jahedul Islam Chowdhury & Bao Kha Nguyen & David Thornhill, 2015. "Modelling of Evaporator in Waste Heat Recovery System using Finite Volume Method and Fuzzy Technique," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-20, December.
    16. Le, Van Long & Feidt, Michel & Kheiri, Abdelhamid & Pelloux-Prayer, Sandrine, 2014. "Performance optimization of low-temperature power generation by supercritical ORCs (organic Rankine cycles) using low GWP (global warming potential) working fluids," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 513-526.
    17. Michele Preziosi & Alessandro Federici & Roberto Merli, 2022. "Evaluating the Impact of Public Information and Training Campaigns to Improve Energy Efficiency: Findings from the Italian Industry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-14, March.
    18. Bortoni, Edson C. & Magalhães, Leonardo P. & Nogueira, Luiz A.H. & Bajay, Sérgio V. & Cassula, Agnelo M., 2020. "An assessment of energy efficient motors application by scenarios evaluation," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    19. Apriani Soepardi & Pratikto Pratikto & Purnomo Budi Santoso & Ishardita Pambudi Tama & Patrik Thollander, 2018. "Linking of Barriers to Energy Efficiency Improvement in Indonesia’s Steel Industry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-22, January.
    20. Sauer, Ildo L. & Tatizawa, Hédio & Salotti, Francisco A.M. & Mercedes, Sonia S., 2015. "A comparative assessment of Brazilian electric motors performance with minimum efficiency standards," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 308-318.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:94:y:2018:i:c:p:1153-1178. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600126/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.