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Working-fluid selection and performance investigation of a two-phase single-reciprocating-piston heat-conversion engine

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  • Oyewunmi, Oyeniyi A.
  • Kirmse, Christoph J.W.
  • Haslam, Andrew J.
  • Müller, Erich A.
  • Markides, Christos N.

Abstract

We employ a validated first-order lumped dynamic model of the Up-THERM heat converter, a two-phase unsteady heat-engine that belongs to a class of innovative devices known as thermofluidic oscillators, which contain fewer moving parts than conventional engines and represent an attractive alternative for remote or off-grid power generation as well as waste-heat conversion applications. We investigate the performance of the Up-THERM with respect to working-fluid selection for its prospective applications. An examination of relevant working-fluid thermodynamic properties reveals that the saturation pressure and vapour-phase density of the fluid play important roles in determining the performance of the Up-THERM – the device delivers a higher power output at high saturation pressures and has higher exergy efficiencies at low vapour-phase densities. Furthermore, working fluids with low critical temperatures, high critical pressures and exhibiting high values of reduced pressures and temperatures result in designs with high power outputs. For a pre-specified Up-THERM design corresponding to a target (CHP prime-mover) application with a heat-source temperature of 360°C, water is compared with 45 other pure working fluids. When maximizing the power output, R113 is identified as the optimal fluid, followed by i-hexane. Fluids such as siloxanes and heavier hydrocarbons are found to maximize the exergy and thermal efficiencies. The ability of the Up-THERM to convert heat over a range of heat-source temperatures is also investigated, and it is found that the device can deliver in excess of 10kW when utilizing thermal energy at temperatures above 200°C. Of all the working fluids considered here, ammonia, R245ca, R32, propene and butane feature prominently as optimal and versatile fluids delivering high power over a wide range of heat-source temperatures.

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  • Oyewunmi, Oyeniyi A. & Kirmse, Christoph J.W. & Haslam, Andrew J. & Müller, Erich A. & Markides, Christos N., 2017. "Working-fluid selection and performance investigation of a two-phase single-reciprocating-piston heat-conversion engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(P3), pages 376-395.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:186:y:2017:i:p3:p:376-395
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.05.008
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    Cited by:

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    2. Steven Lecompte & Oyeniyi A. Oyewunmi & Christos N. Markides & Marija Lazova & Alihan Kaya & Martijn Van den Broek & Michel De Paepe, 2017. "Case Study of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for Waste Heat Recovery from an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-16, May.
    3. Alexander Kronberg & Maxim Glushenkov & Sander Roosjen & Sascha Kersten, 2023. "Isobaric Expansion Engines–Compressors: Thermodynamic Analysis of Multistage Vapor Driven Compressors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-15, September.
    4. White, M.T. & Oyewunmi, O.A. & Chatzopoulou, M.A. & Pantaleo, A.M. & Haslam, A.J. & Markides, C.N., 2018. "Computer-aided working-fluid design, thermodynamic optimisation and thermoeconomic assessment of ORC systems for waste-heat recovery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 1181-1198.
    5. Chatzopoulou, Maria Anna & Markides, Christos N., 2018. "Thermodynamic optimisation of a high-electrical efficiency integrated internal combustion engine – Organic Rankine cycle combined heat and power system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C), pages 1229-1251.
    6. Maxim Glushenkov & Alexander Kronberg & Torben Knoke & Eugeny Y. Kenig, 2018. "Isobaric Expansion Engines: New Opportunities in Energy Conversion for Heat Engines, Pumps and Compressors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-22, January.
    7. Tan, Jingqi & Wei, Jianjian & Jin, Tao, 2020. "Electrical-analogy network model of a modified two-phase thermofluidic oscillator with regenerator for low-grade heat recovery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    8. Emadi, Mohammad Ali & Chitgar, Nazanin & Oyewunmi, Oyeniyi A. & Markides, Christos N., 2020. "Working-fluid selection and thermoeconomic optimisation of a combined cycle cogeneration dual-loop organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) waste-heat recovery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    9. Wang, Kai & Dubey, Swapnil & Choo, Fook Hoong & Duan, Fei, 2017. "Thermoacoustic Stirling power generation from LNG cold energy and low-temperature waste heat," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 280-290.
    10. Kirmse, Christoph J.W. & Oyewunmi, Oyeniyi A. & Taleb, Aly I. & Haslam, Andrew J. & Markides, Christos N., 2017. "A two-phase single-reciprocating-piston heat conversion engine: Non-linear dynamic modelling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(P3), pages 359-375.
    11. Nikunj Gangar & Sandro Macchietto & Christos N. Markides, 2020. "Recovery and Utilization of Low-Grade Waste Heat in the Oil-Refining Industry Using Heat Engines and Heat Pumps: An International Technoeconomic Comparison," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-29, May.
    12. van Kleef, Luuk M.T. & Oyewunmi, Oyeniyi A. & Markides, Christos N., 2019. "Multi-objective thermo-economic optimization of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power systems in waste-heat recovery applications using computer-aided molecular design techniques," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    13. Pantaleo, Antonio M. & Fordham, Julia & Oyewunmi, Oyeniyi A. & De Palma, Pietro & Markides, Christos N., 2018. "Integrating cogeneration and intermittent waste-heat recovery in food processing: Microturbines vs. ORC systems in the coffee roasting industry," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 782-796.
    14. Song, Chongzhi & Gu, Mingyan & Miao, Zheng & Liu, Chao & Xu, Jinliang, 2019. "Effect of fluid dryness and critical temperature on trans-critical organic Rankine cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 97-109.
    15. Xialai Wu & Ning Zhang & Lei Xie & Wenyan Ci & Junghui Chen & Shan Lu, 2022. "Thermoeconomic Optimization Design of the ORC System Installed on a Light-Duty Vehicle for Waste Heat Recovery from Exhaust Heat," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-24, June.

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