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PIV measurements in Francis turbine – A review and application to transient operations

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  • Goyal, Rahul
  • Gandhi, B.K.
  • Cervantes, Michel J.

Abstract

Penetration of solar and wind energy into the grid network has raised the concern for grid stability which is generally balanced by operating the hydropower plants over a wide range. This results in several issues, such as rotor-stator interaction (RSI), vortex breakdown, rotating vortex rope (RVR), pressure shocks, vibration, and noise which may lead to failure. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) has been used to understand several physical mechanisms in the flow at various operating conditions. A non-negligible uncertainty may arise in the measurements due to calibration, abbreviation, and distortion of the light. Various parameters such as laser sheet thickness, particle type, particle size, particle density, camera resolution, image size and number of images may affect the quality of the measurements. In the present work, a review of PIV measurements performed in hydraulic turbines, mainly Francis, has been carried out. The objective is to develop an experimental set up to perform steady and transient measurements on a model Francis turbine. A maximum deviation of 1.8% in absolute velocity is estimated in the present study as compared to 2–3% reported in the previously performed measurements on Francis turbines. The repeatability of transient measurements is also investigated by extracting two velocity points on a PIV plane.

Suggested Citation

  • Goyal, Rahul & Gandhi, B.K. & Cervantes, Michel J., 2018. "PIV measurements in Francis turbine – A review and application to transient operations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 2976-2991.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:81:y:2018:i:p2:p:2976-2991
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.06.108
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Garcia, Damien, 2010. "Robust smoothing of gridded data in one and higher dimensions with missing values," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 54(4), pages 1167-1178, April.
    2. Thapa, Biraj Singh & Dahlhaug, Ole Gunnar & Thapa, Bhola, 2015. "Sediment erosion in hydro turbines and its effect on the flow around guide vanes of Francis turbine," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 1100-1113.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lai, Xide & Chen, Xiaoming & Liang, Quanwei & Ye, Daoxing & Gou, Qiuqin & Wang, Rongtao & Yan, Yi, 2023. "Experimental and numerical investigation of vortex flows and pressure fluctuations in a high-head pump-turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 236-247.
    2. Sotoudeh, Nahale & Maddahian, Reza & Cervantes, Michel J., 2020. "Investigation of Rotating Vortex Rope formation during load variation in a Francis turbine draft tube," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 238-254.
    3. Kougias, Ioannis & Aggidis, George & Avellan, François & Deniz, Sabri & Lundin, Urban & Moro, Alberto & Muntean, Sebastian & Novara, Daniele & Pérez-Díaz, Juan Ignacio & Quaranta, Emanuele & Schild, P, 2019. "Analysis of emerging technologies in the hydropower sector," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1-1.
    4. Yang, Zhiyan & Cheng, Yongguang & Xia, Linsheng & Meng, Wanwan & Liu, Ke & Zhang, Xiaoxi, 2020. "Evolutions of flow patterns and pressure fluctuations in a prototype pump-turbine during the runaway transient process after pump-trip," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 1149-1159.
    5. Sun, Longgang & Xu, Hongyang & Li, Chenxi & Guo, Pengcheng & Xu, Zhuofei, 2024. "Unsteady assessment and alleviation of inter-blade vortex in Francis turbine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 358(C).
    6. Kumar, Sandeep & Cervantes, Michel J. & Gandhi, Bhupendra K., 2021. "Rotating vortex rope formation and mitigation in draft tube of hydro turbines – A review from experimental perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    7. Rafel Roig & Xavier Sánchez-Botello & Xavier Escaler & Berhanu Mulu & Carl-Maikel Högström, 2022. "On the Rotating Vortex Rope and Its Induced Structural Response in a Kaplan Turbine Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-19, August.

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