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A review on synthesis of alkoxymethyl furfural, a biofuel candidate

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  • Alipour, Siamak
  • Omidvarborna, Hamid
  • Kim, Dong-Shik

Abstract

Recently extensive efforts have been made to obtain drop-in fuel or fuel additives from renewable and sustainable resources. Alkoxymethyl furfurals synthesized from etherification reactions of aliphatic alcohols and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) have been proposed as a diesel fuel additive and precursor of the drop-in fuel. Among the alkoxymethyl furfurals, 5-(methoxymethyl)furfural (MMF) and especially 5-(ethoxymethyl)furfural (EMF) have received much attention due to their superior prosperities including high energy density, low toxicity, high stability, and proper flow properties. Different acid catalysts have been tested for cost-effective production of EMF and MMF. Besides, broad ranges of feedstock from untreated lignocellulosic biomass and algae to carbohydrates and HMF have been used and their performances have been investigated. Production technologies for these fuel compounds and upgrading some of these compounds have been surveyed in many review papers. Therefore, making a concise overview on the production methodologies of all the relevant furan based fuel compounds, including long chain hydrocarbon alkanes from furfurals such as EMF and MMF is worthy of investigation. The current review summarizes the available technologies to help with further improvements and advancements of the production technologies of EMF and MMF. A special emphasis is placed on the state-of-the-art catalytic processes for EMF and MMF synthesis. Based on the review, the future direction is suggested.

Suggested Citation

  • Alipour, Siamak & Omidvarborna, Hamid & Kim, Dong-Shik, 2017. "A review on synthesis of alkoxymethyl furfural, a biofuel candidate," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 908-926.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:71:y:2017:i:c:p:908-926
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.12.118
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yang, Yu & Abu-Omar, Mahdi M. & Hu, Changwei, 2012. "Heteropolyacid catalyzed conversion of fructose, sucrose, and inulin to 5-ethoxymethylfurfural, a liquid biofuel candidate," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 80-84.
    2. Omidvarborna, Hamid & Kumar, Ashok & Kim, Dong-Shik, 2015. "Recent studies on soot modeling for diesel combustion," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 635-647.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sitepu, Eko K. & Heimann, Kirsten & Raston, Colin L. & Zhang, Wei, 2020. "Critical evaluation of process parameters for direct biodiesel production from diverse feedstock," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    2. Kalil Rahiman, M. & Santhoshkumar, S. & Subramaniam, D. & Avinash, A. & Pugazhendhi, Arivalagan, 2022. "Effects of oxygenated fuel pertaining to fuel analysis on diesel engine combustion and emission characteristics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PD).
    3. Dowaki, Taishi & Guo, Haixin & Smith, Richard Lee, 2022. "Lignin-derived biochar solid acid catalyst for fructose conversion into 5-ethoxymethylfurfural," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 1534-1542.
    4. Zuo, Miao & Jia, Wenlong & Feng, Yunchao & Zeng, Xianhai & Tang, Xing & Sun, Yong & Lin, Lu, 2021. "Effective selectivity conversion of glucose to furan chemicals in the aqueous deep eutectic solvent," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 23-33.
    5. Yan, Puxiang & Wang, Haiyong & Liao, Yuhe & Wang, Chenguang, 2023. "Zeolite catalysts for the valorization of biomass into platform compounds and biochemicals/biofuels: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    6. Agarwal, Bhumica & Kailasam, Kamalakannan & Sangwan, Rajender Singh & Elumalai, Sasikumar, 2018. "Traversing the history of solid catalysts for heterogeneous synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from carbohydrate sugars: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 2408-2425.
    7. Thombal, Priyanka Raju & Thombal, Raju S. & Han, Sung Soo, 2021. "Comprehensive study on the catalytic methods for furyl alkane synthesis: A promising biodiesel precursor," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    8. Dowaki, Taishi & Guo, Haixin & Smith, Richard Lee, 2023. "Cascade conversion and kinetic modeling of glucose transformation into mixed-biofuels via lignin-derived Lewis-Brønsted acid biochars," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).

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