IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/rensus/v22y2013icp246-256.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A review of the Nigerian biofuel policy and incentives (2007)

Author

Listed:
  • Ohimain, Elijah Ige

Abstract

Nigeria is blessed with abundant energy resources including crude oil, natural gas, coal and lignite, nuclear elements, wind, solar, biomass, and hydropower, but due to lack of infrastructure the country is experiencing a shortage of electricity, liquid transportation, and cooking fuel. Despite being a major exporter of petroleum, Nigeria relies on foreign nations for the supply of refined products including gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and even LPG. Nigeria planned to reverse this trend by investing in bioenergy. Nigeria biofuel policy and incentives was released in 2007 with the aim of spurring a vibrant bioenergy sector. This article reviewed the Nigerian policy and incentives and found some policy conflicts, gaps and inconsistencies. The Nigerian biofuel policy narrowly classified biofuel to include only bioethanol and biodiesel neglecting other biofuels and energy carriers that are obtainable from biomass. The Nigerian biofuel policy classified the biofuel enterprise as belonging to agro-allied industry, yet the policy mandated the petroleum industry to play a leading role in the establishment of the biofuel sector. The policy inadvertently refer to food crops such as cassava, sweat potato, and maize as cellulosic bio-ethanol feedstocks. These feedstocks are food crops, though are also feedstock for the production of first generation bio-ethanol. Cellulosic (second generation) ethanol is typically produced from non-food crops such as grasses (elephant grass, miscanthus, switch grass), fast rotation crops, wood wastes, etc. The policy did not address the potential food versus fuel conflicts that could arise from the use of food crops as biofuel feedstock. The policy considered the development of transgenic varieties of cassava, sugarcane, sweet potato, and maize without considering the environmental impacts and agronomic impacts of transgenic crops to native species. The Nigerian biofuel policy did not adequately address issues pertaining to technology transfer. In view of the policy gaps and conflict we suggest an upgrade of the policy.

Suggested Citation

  • Ohimain, Elijah Ige, 2013. "A review of the Nigerian biofuel policy and incentives (2007)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 246-256.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:22:y:2013:i:c:p:246-256
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2013.01.037
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032113000683
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.rser.2013.01.037?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Malik, Urooj S. & Ahmed, Mahfuz & Sombilla, Mercedita A. & Cueno, Sarah L., 2009. "Biofuels production for smallholder producers in the Greater Mekong Sub-region," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(Supplemen), pages 58-68, November.
    2. Ohimain, Elijah I., 2010. "Emerging bio-ethanol projects in Nigeria: Their opportunities and challenges," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(11), pages 7161-7168, November.
    3. Li, Shi-Zhong & Chan-Halbrendt, Catherine, 2009. "Ethanol production in (the) People's Republic of China: Potential and technologies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(Supplemen), pages 162-169, November.
    4. Balat, Mustafa & Balat, Havva, 2009. "Recent trends in global production and utilization of bio-ethanol fuel," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(11), pages 2273-2282, November.
    5. Ajayi, Oluseyi O., 2009. "Assessment of utilization of wind energy resources in Nigeria," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 750-753, February.
    6. Pohit, Sanjib & Biswas, Pradip Kumar & Kumar, Rajesh & Jha, Jaya, 2009. "International experiences of ethanol as transport fuel: Policy implications for India," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(11), pages 4540-4548, November.
    7. Hamelinck, Carlo N & Faaij, Andre P.C., 2006. "Outlook for advanced biofuels," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 34(17), pages 3268-3283, November.
    8. Adekoya, L.O. & Adewale, A.A., 1992. "Wind energy potential of Nigeria," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 2(1), pages 35-39.
    9. Adenikinju, Adeola F., 2003. "Electric infrastructure failures in Nigeria: a survey-based analysis of the costs and adjustment responses," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 31(14), pages 1519-1530, November.
    10. Ravindranath, N.H. & Balachandra, P., 2009. "Sustainable bioenergy for India: Technical, economic and policy analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(8), pages 1003-1013.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Monica Maduekwe & Uduak Akpan & Salisu Isihak, 2020. "Road Transport Energy Consumption and Vehicular Emissions in Lagos, Nigeria," Research Africa Network Working Papers 20/055, Research Africa Network (RAN).
    2. Hensengerth, Oliver, 2018. "South-South technology transfer: Who benefits? A case study of the Chinese-built Bui dam in Ghana," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 499-507.
    3. Dioha, Michael O. & Kumar, Atul, 2020. "Sustainable energy pathways for land transport in Nigeria," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    4. Ben-Iwo, Juliet & Manovic, Vasilije & Longhurst, Philip, 2016. "Biomass resources and biofuels potential for the production of transportation fuels in Nigeria," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 172-192.
    5. Giwa, Adewale & Alabi, Adetunji & Yusuf, Ahmed & Olukan, Tuza, 2017. "A comprehensive review on biomass and solar energy for sustainable energy generation in Nigeria," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 620-641.
    6. Ko, Chun-Han & Chaiprapat, Sumate & Kim, Lee-Hyung & Hadi, Pejman & Hsu, Shu-Chien & Leu, Shao-Yuan, 2017. "Carbon sequestration potential via energy harvesting from agricultural biomass residues in Mekong River basin, Southeast Asia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P2), pages 1051-1062.
    7. Haji Esmaeili, Seyed Ali & Szmerekovsky, Joseph & Sobhani, Ahmad & Dybing, Alan & Peterson, Tim O., 2020. "Sustainable biomass supply chain network design with biomass switching incentives for first-generation bioethanol producers," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    8. Ugwoke, B. & Gershon, O. & Becchio, C. & Corgnati, S.P. & Leone, P., 2020. "A review of Nigerian energy access studies: The story told so far," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    9. Emodi, Nnaemeka Vincent & Boo, Kyung-Jin, 2015. "Sustainable energy development in Nigeria: Current status and policy options," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 356-381.
    10. Mohamed Abdul Ghani, N. Muhammad Aslaam & Vogiatzis, Chrysafis & Szmerekovsky, Joseph, 2018. "Biomass feedstock supply chain network design with biomass conversion incentives," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 39-49.
    11. Nwozor, Agaptus & Oshewolo, Segun & Owoeye, Gbenga & Okidu, Onjefu, 2021. "Nigeria's quest for alternative clean energy development: A cobweb of opportunities, pitfalls and multiple dilemmas," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    12. Shehu, Basiru Gwandu & Clarke, Michèle L., 2020. "Successful and sustainable crop based biodiesel programme in Nigeria through ecological optimisation and intersectoral policy realignment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    13. Stanley U. Okoro & Udo Schickhoff & Uwe A. Schneider, 2018. "Impacts of Bioenergy Policies on Land-Use Change in Nigeria," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-18, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zhang, Caixia & Xie, Gaodi & Li, Shimei & Ge, Liqiang & He, Tingting, 2010. "The productive potentials of sweet sorghum ethanol in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(7), pages 2360-2368, July.
    2. Aliyu, Abubakar Sadiq & Dada, Joseph O. & Adam, Ibrahim Khalil, 2015. "Current status and future prospects of renewable energy in Nigeria," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 336-346.
    3. Demirbas, Ayhan, 2011. "Biodiesel from oilgae, biofixation of carbon dioxide by microalgae: A solution to pollution problems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(10), pages 3541-3547.
    4. Brimmo, Ayoola T. & Sodiq, Ahmed & Sofela, Samuel & Kolo, Isa, 2017. "Sustainable energy development in Nigeria: Wind, hydropower, geothermal and nuclear (Vol. 1)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 474-490.
    5. Truong, Nguyen Le & Gustavsson, Leif, 2013. "Integrated biomass-based production of district heat, electricity, motor fuels and pellets of different scales," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 623-632.
    6. Oluseyi O. Ajayi & Richard O. Fagbenle & James Katende & Julius M. Ndambuki & David O. Omole & Adekunle A. Badejo, 2014. "Wind Energy Study and Energy Cost of Wind Electricity Generation in Nigeria: Past and Recent Results and a Case Study for South West Nigeria," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(12), pages 1-27, December.
    7. Ohimain, Elijah I., 2013. "Can the Nigerian biofuel policy and incentives (2007) transform Nigeria into a biofuel economy?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 352-359.
    8. Demirbas, M. Fatih, 2011. "Biofuels from algae for sustainable development," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(10), pages 3473-3480.
    9. Adaramola, M.S. & Oyewola, O.M., 2011. "On wind speed pattern and energy potential in Nigeria," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(5), pages 2501-2506, May.
    10. Ben-Iwo, Juliet & Manovic, Vasilije & Longhurst, Philip, 2016. "Biomass resources and biofuels potential for the production of transportation fuels in Nigeria," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 172-192.
    11. Buresová, Iva & Hrivna, Ludek, 2011. "Effect of wheat gluten proteins on bioethanol yield from grain," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(4), pages 1205-1210, April.
    12. Ohimain, Elijah I., 2010. "Emerging bio-ethanol projects in Nigeria: Their opportunities and challenges," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(11), pages 7161-7168, November.
    13. Mohammed, Y.S. & Mustafa, M.W. & Bashir, N. & Ibrahem, I.S., 2017. "Existing and recommended renewable and sustainable energy development in Nigeria based on autonomous energy and microgrid technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 820-838.
    14. Demirbas, Ayhan, 2011. "Competitive liquid biofuels from biomass," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(1), pages 17-28, January.
    15. Sadeghinezhad, E. & Kazi, S.N. & Badarudin, A. & Oon, C.S. & Zubir, M.N.M. & Mehrali, Mohammad, 2013. "A comprehensive review of bio-diesel as alternative fuel for compression ignition engines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 410-424.
    16. Acosta-Michlik, Lilibeth & Lucht, Wolfgang & Bondeau, Alberte & Beringer, Tim, 2011. "Integrated assessment of sustainability trade-offs and pathways for global bioenergy production: Framing a novel hybrid approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(6), pages 2791-2809, August.
    17. Yu, Qiang & Zhuang, Xinshu & Yuan, Zhenhong & Wang, Wen & Qi, Wei & Wang, Qiong & Tan, Xuesong, 2011. "Step-change flow rate liquid hot water pretreatment of sweet sorghum bagasse for enhancement of total sugars recovery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(7), pages 2472-2479, July.
    18. Yasuda, Masahide & Matsumoto, Tomoko & Yamashita, Toshiaki, 2018. "Sacrificial hydrogen production over TiO2-based photocatalysts: Polyols, carboxylic acids, and saccharides," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 1627-1635.
    19. Bharathiraja, B. & Jayamuthunagai, J. & Sudharsanaa, T. & Bharghavi, A. & Praveenkumar, R. & Chakravarthy, M. & Yuvaraj, D., 2017. "Biobutanol – An impending biofuel for future: A review on upstream and downstream processing tecniques," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P1), pages 788-807.
    20. M'Arimi, M.M. & Mecha, C.A. & Kiprop, A.K. & Ramkat, R., 2020. "Recent trends in applications of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in bioenergy production: Review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:22:y:2013:i:c:p:246-256. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600126/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.