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Review of the use of additives to mitigate operational problems associated with the combustion of biomass with high content in ash-forming species

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  • Míguez, José Luis
  • Porteiro, Jacobo
  • Behrendt, Frank
  • Blanco, Diana
  • Patiño, David
  • Dieguez-Alonso, Alba

Abstract

The impact of additives addition on the combustion behavior of biomass with high content in ash-forming species is evaluated in this review. Their influence on both emissions (particulate matter and gaseous emissions) and deposits formation (fouling and slagging) are here considered. The uncertainty in the availability, under current sustainability criteria, of good-quality woody biomass (i.e. woody biomass with low content in ash-forming species, mainly derived from stem wood), along with the growing demand for biomass fuels, has caused the pellet industry to attempt to diversify the sources of raw material. Other types of biomass such as bark, non-woody biomass (cereals and herbaceous materials), and residues from the agricultural industry are also potentially useful as raw materials due to the large volumes available. These fuels present however some challenges. They vary strongly in composition, impacting significantly their combustion behaviour. The high content in ash-forming species, such as alkali and alkaline-earth species, chlorine, phosphorous, nitrogen, and silicon can lead to an increase in gaseous (e.g. sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides) and particulate matter (PM) emissions. They can also lead to operational problems, such as fouling, corrosion, slagging, and agglomeration during the combustion process. There are several routes to mitigate these ash-related problems, whose applicability depends on the technology and scale. In the present review, the use of additives to reduce emissions and deposits formation, as well as further operational problems these may trigger, is evaluated. However, the high heterogeneity in biomass composition and varying nature of the aforementioned combustion issues hinders the possibility to use a “one-size-fits-all” additive, resulting in the need for developing further understanding on the impact of different additives according to biomass composition and combustion conditions. For example, aluminosicates have proven to be effective to reduce fine particulate matter emissions, but they increase the gaseous emissions of HCl and SOx. The impact of Ca-based additives on PM and alkali-induced slagging is inconclusive, although they can capture gaseous emissions such as HCl and SOx. The additive application method and combustion conditions play on top a very significant role. For all this, reaching conclusions on the type of additive, amount, and application method is very challenging.

Suggested Citation

  • Míguez, José Luis & Porteiro, Jacobo & Behrendt, Frank & Blanco, Diana & Patiño, David & Dieguez-Alonso, Alba, 2021. "Review of the use of additives to mitigate operational problems associated with the combustion of biomass with high content in ash-forming species," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:141:y:2021:i:c:s1364032120307887
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110502
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    4. Hariana, & Putra, Hanafi Prida & Prabowo, & Hilmawan, Edi & Darmawan, Arif & Mochida, Keiichi & Aziz, Muhammad, 2023. "Theoretical and experimental investigation of ash-related problems during coal co-firing with different types of biomass in a pulverized coal-fired boiler," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    5. Christian Gollmer & Vanessa Weigel & Martin Kaltschmitt, 2023. "Emission Mitigation by Aluminum-Silicate-Based Fuel Additivation of Wood Chips with Kaolin and Kaolinite," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-17, March.
    6. Nataša Dragutinović & Isabel Höfer & Martin Kaltschmitt, 2021. "Fuel Improvement Measures for Particulate Matter Emission Reduction during Corn Cob Combustion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-23, July.
    7. Zhang, Jianan & Wang, Yuesen & Muldoon, Valerie L. & Deng, Sili, 2022. "Crude glycerol and glycerol as fuels and fuel additives in combustion applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    8. Bi, Yingxin & Chen, Chunxiang & Huang, Xiaodong & Wang, Haokun & Wei, Guangsheng, 2023. "Discrimination method of biomass slagging tendency based on particle swarm optimization deep neural network (DNN)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PA).
    9. Zheng, Liangqian & Jin, Jing & Zhang, Ruipu & Liu, Zhongyi & Zhang, Li, 2023. "Understanding the effect of dolomite additive on corrosion characteristics of straw biomass ash through experiment study and molecular dynamics calculations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    10. Ghazidin, Hafizh & Suyatno, Suyatno & Prismantoko, Adi & Karuana, Feri & Sarjono, & Prabowo, & Setiyawan, Atok & Darmawan, Arif & Aziz, Muhammad & Vuthaluru, Hari & Hariana, Hariana, 2024. "Impact of additives in mitigating ash-related problems during co-combustion of solid recovered fuel and high-sulfur coal," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    11. Natalia Cid & Juan Jesús Rico & Raquel Pérez-Orozco & Ana Larrañaga, 2021. "Experimental Study of the Performance of a Laboratory-Scale ESP with Biomass Combustion: Discharge Electrode Disposition, Dynamic Control Unit and Aging Effect," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-12, September.
    12. Javier Royo & Paula Canalís & Sebastián Zapata & Maider Gómez & Carmen Bartolomé, 2022. "Ash Behaviour during Combustion of Agropellets Produced by an Agro-Industry—Part 2: Chemical Characterization of Sintering and Deposition," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-20, February.

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