IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/rensus/v111y2019icp595-621.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Review of mooring design for floating wave energy converters

Author

Listed:
  • Xu, Sheng
  • Wang, Shan
  • Guedes Soares, C.

Abstract

A review of some representative floating wave energy converter (WEC) projects in the world, including the wave energy capturing technology, development history, main dimensions and tested sea sites is presented. The design essentials of WEC mooring system are discussed and a mooring system design procedure for WEC is proposed, which includes the introduction of related design codes and mooring analysis methods. In the last part, a comprehensive review of mooring system design in the current WECs projects is conducted. Different mooring systems and mooring materials are introduced and discussed. Based on the discussions, recommendations are made for the suitable mooring design according to the WEC's dimensions and working principles. It is shown that the elastic synthetic rope has great potential in the application of WEC mooring system, and the hybrid mooring system could be a good solution for WEC station keeping problem.

Suggested Citation

  • Xu, Sheng & Wang, Shan & Guedes Soares, C., 2019. "Review of mooring design for floating wave energy converters," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 595-621.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:111:y:2019:i:c:p:595-621
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2019.05.027
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032119303399
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.rser.2019.05.027?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bento, A. Rute & Martinho, Paulo & Guedes Soares, C., 2018. "Wave energy assessement for Northern Spain from a 33-year hindcast," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 322-333.
    2. Lejerskog, Erik & Boström, Cecilia & Hai, Ling & Waters, Rafael & Leijon, Mats, 2015. "Experimental results on power absorption from a wave energy converter at the Lysekil wave energy research site," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 9-14.
    3. Jonas Bjerg Thomsen & Francesco Ferri & Jens Peter Kofoed & Kevin Black, 2018. "Cost Optimization of Mooring Solutions for Large Floating Wave Energy Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-23, January.
    4. Benedikt Ernst & Jörg R. Seume, 2012. "Investigation of Site-Specific Wind Field Parameters and Their Effect on Loads of Offshore Wind Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(10), pages 1-21, October.
    5. Wang, Zhifeng & Dong, Sheng & Li, Xue & Guedes Soares, C., 2016. "Assessments of wave energy in the Bohai Sea, China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 145-156.
    6. Falcão, António F.O. & Henriques, João C.C., 2016. "Oscillating-water-column wave energy converters and air turbines: A review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 1391-1424.
    7. Arslan, Talha & Bulut, Y. Murat & Altın Yavuz, Arzu, 2014. "Comparative study of numerical methods for determining Weibull parameters for wind energy potential," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 820-825.
    8. Rusu, Eugen & Guedes Soares, C., 2009. "Numerical modelling to estimate the spatial distribution of the wave energy in the Portuguese nearshore," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(6), pages 1501-1516.
    9. Zhiyu Jiang & Weifei Hu & Wenbin Dong & Zhen Gao & Zhengru Ren, 2017. "Structural Reliability Analysis of Wind Turbines: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-25, December.
    10. Saleh, H. & Abou El-Azm Aly, A. & Abdel-Hady, S., 2012. "Assessment of different methods used to estimate Weibull distribution parameters for wind speed in Zafarana wind farm, Suez Gulf, Egypt," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 710-719.
    11. Jonas Bjerg Thomsen & Francesco Ferri & Jens Peter Kofoed, 2017. "Screening of Available Tools for Dynamic Mooring Analysis of Wave Energy Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-18, June.
    12. Henfridsson, Urban & Neimane, Viktoria & Strand, Kerstin & Kapper, Robert & Bernhoff, Hans & Danielsson, Oskar & Leijon, Mats & Sundberg, Jan & Thorburn, Karin & Ericsson, Ellerth & Bergman, Karl, 2007. "Wave energy potential in the Baltic Sea and the Danish part of the North Sea, with reflections on the Skagerrak," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(12), pages 2069-2084.
    13. Josh Davidson & John V. Ringwood, 2017. "Mathematical Modelling of Mooring Systems for Wave Energy Converters—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-46, May.
    14. Liberti, Luca & Carillo, Adriana & Sannino, Gianmaria, 2013. "Wave energy resource assessment in the Mediterranean, the Italian perspective," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 938-949.
    15. Moan, Torgeir & Ayala-Uraga, Efren, 2008. "Reliability-based assessment of deteriorating ship structures operating in multiple sea loading climates," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 93(3), pages 433-446.
    16. Li, Ye & Yu, Yi-Hsiang, 2012. "A synthesis of numerical methods for modeling wave energy converter-point absorbers," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(6), pages 4352-4364.
    17. Silva, Dina & Bento, A. Rute & Martinho, Paulo & Guedes Soares, C., 2015. "High resolution local wave energy modelling in the Iberian Peninsula," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 1099-1112.
    18. Rusu, Liliana & Guedes Soares, C., 2012. "Wave energy assessments in the Azores islands," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 183-196.
    19. Silva, Dina & Martinho, Paulo & Guedes Soares, C., 2018. "Wave energy distribution along the Portuguese continental coast based on a thirty three years hindcast," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 1064-1075.
    20. López, Iraide & Andreu, Jon & Ceballos, Salvador & Martínez de Alegría, Iñigo & Kortabarria, Iñigo, 2013. "Review of wave energy technologies and the necessary power-equipment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 413-434.
    21. James Allen & Konstantinos Sampanis & Jian Wan & Deborah Greaves & Jon Miles & Gregorio Iglesias, 2016. "Laboratory Tests in the Development of WaveCat," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-12, December.
    22. Pelc, Robin & Fujita, Rod M., 2002. "Renewable energy from the ocean," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 26(6), pages 471-479, November.
    23. Vicinanza, D. & Contestabile, P. & Ferrante, V., 2013. "Wave energy potential in the north-west of Sardinia (Italy)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 506-521.
    24. Breitung, Karl, 1988. "Asymptotic crossing rates for stationary Gaussian vector processes," Stochastic Processes and their Applications, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 195-207, September.
    25. Iglesias, G. & Carballo, R., 2011. "Wave resource in El Hierro—an island towards energy self-sufficiency," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 689-698.
    26. Thies, Philipp R. & Johanning, Lars & Harnois, Violette & Smith, Helen C.M. & Parish, David N., 2014. "Mooring line fatigue damage evaluation for floating marine energy converters: Field measurements and prediction," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 133-144.
    27. Wang, Yingguang & Xia, Yiqing & Liu, Xiaojun, 2013. "Establishing robust short-term distributions of load extremes of offshore wind turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 606-619.
    28. Clément, Alain & McCullen, Pat & Falcão, António & Fiorentino, Antonio & Gardner, Fred & Hammarlund, Karin & Lemonis, George & Lewis, Tony & Nielsen, Kim & Petroncini, Simona & Pontes, M. -Teresa & Sc, 2002. "Wave energy in Europe: current status and perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 6(5), pages 405-431, October.
    29. Rusu, Eugen & Guedes Soares, C., 2012. "Wave energy pattern around the Madeira Islands," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 771-785.
    30. Bernardino, Mariana & Rusu, Liliana & Guedes Soares, C., 2017. "Evaluation of the wave energy resources in the Cape Verde Islands," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 316-326.
    31. Stefano Parmeggiani & Jens Peter Kofoed & Erik Friis-Madsen, 2013. "Experimental Study Related to the Mooring Design for the 1.5 MW Wave Dragon WEC Demonstrator at DanWEC," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(4), pages 1-24, April.
    32. Coe, Ryan G. & Michelen, Carlos & Eckert-Gallup, Aubrey & Sallaberry, Cédric, 2018. "Full long-term design response analysis of a wave energy converter," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(PA), pages 356-366.
    33. Kofoed, Jens Peter & Frigaard, Peter & Friis-Madsen, Erik & Sørensen, Hans Chr., 2006. "Prototype testing of the wave energy converter wave dragon," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 181-189.
    34. Liu, Yijin & Li, Ye & He, Fenglan & Wang, Haifeng, 2017. "Comparison study of tidal stream and wave energy technology development between China and some Western Countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 701-716.
    35. Zanuttigh, Barbara & Angelelli, Elisa & Kofoed, Jens Peter, 2013. "Effects of mooring systems on the performance of a wave activated body energy converter," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 422-431.
    36. Zhang, Dahai & Li, Wei & Lin, Yonggang, 2009. "Wave energy in China: Current status and perspectives," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(10), pages 2089-2092.
    37. So, Mike K.P. & Chan, Raymond K.S., 2014. "Bayesian analysis of tail asymmetry based on a threshold extreme value model," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 568-587.
    38. Gonçalves, Marta & Martinho, Paulo & Guedes Soares, C., 2018. "A 33-year hindcast on wave energy assessment in the western French coast," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 790-801.
    39. Lin, Yifan & Dong, Sheng & Wang, Zhifeng & Guedes Soares, C., 2019. "Wave energy assessment in the China adjacent seas on the basis of a 20-year SWAN simulation with unstructured grids," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 275-295.
    40. Gonçalves, Marta & Martinho, Paulo & Guedes Soares, C., 2014. "Assessment of wave energy in the Canary Islands," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 774-784.
    41. Bachynski, Erin E. & Young, Yin Lu & Yeung, Ronald W., 2012. "Analysis and optimization of a tethered wave energy converter in irregular waves," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 133-145.
    42. Weller, S.D. & Johanning, L. & Davies, P. & Banfield, S.J., 2015. "Synthetic mooring ropes for marine renewable energy applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 1268-1278.
    43. Waters, Rafael & Engström, Jens & Isberg, Jan & Leijon, Mats, 2009. "Wave climate off the Swedish west coast," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(6), pages 1600-1606.
    44. Gonçalves, Marta & Martinho, Paulo & Guedes Soares, C., 2014. "Wave energy conditions in the western French coast," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 155-163.
    45. Harnois, V. & Weller, S.D. & Johanning, L. & Thies, P.R. & Le Boulluec, M. & Le Roux, D. & Soulé, V. & Ohana, J., 2015. "Numerical model validation for mooring systems: Method and application for wave energy converters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 869-887.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Díaz, H. & Silva, D. & Bernardo, C. & Guedes Soares, C., 2023. "Micro sitting of floating wind turbines in a wind farm using a multi-criteria framework," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 449-474.
    2. Li, He & Diaz, H. & Guedes Soares, C., 2021. "A developed failure mode and effect analysis for floating offshore wind turbine support structures," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 133-145.
    3. Xu, Sheng & Wang, Shan & Guedes Soares, C., 2020. "Experimental investigation on hybrid mooring systems for wave energy converters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 130-153.
    4. Li, Demin & Sharma, Sanjay & Borthwick, Alistair G.L. & Huang, Heao & Dong, Xiaochen & Li, Yanni & Shi, Hongda, 2023. "Experimental study of a floating two-body wave energy converter," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    5. Choupin, O. & Pinheiro Andutta, F. & Etemad-Shahidi, A. & Tomlinson, R., 2021. "A decision-making process for wave energy converter and location pairing," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    6. Naik, Nikita & Gayathri, R. & Behera, H. & Tsai, Chia-Cheng, 2023. "Wave power extraction by a dual OWC chambers over an undulated bottom," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    7. Raju Ahamed & Kristoffer McKee & Ian Howard, 2022. "A Review of the Linear Generator Type of Wave Energy Converters’ Power Take-Off Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-42, August.
    8. Clemente, D. & Rosa-Santos, P. & Taveira-Pinto, F., 2021. "On the potential synergies and applications of wave energy converters: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    9. Choupin, Ophelie & Del Río-Gamero, B. & Schallenberg-Rodríguez, Julieta & Yánez-Rosales, Pablo, 2022. "Integration of assessment-methods for wave renewable energy: Resource and installation feasibility," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 455-482.
    10. Claus, R. & López, M., 2022. "Key issues in the design of floating photovoltaic structures for the marine environment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    11. Lokuliyana, R.L.K. & Folley, M. & Gunawardane, S.D.G.S.P. & Wickramanayake, P.N., 2020. "Sri Lankan wave energy resource assessment and characterisation based on IEC standards," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1255-1272.
    12. Sun, Pengyuan & Liu, Senming & He, Hongzhou & Zhao, Yingru & Zheng, Songgen & Chen, Hu & Yang, Shaohui, 2021. "Simulated and experimental investigation of a floating-array-buoys wave energy converter with single-point mooring," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 637-650.
    13. Khan, Mohamin B.M. & Behera, Harekrushna, 2021. "Impact of sloping porous seabed on the efficiency of an OWC against oblique waves," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 1027-1039.
    14. Gianmaria Giannini & Paulo Rosa-Santos & Victor Ramos & Francisco Taveira-Pinto, 2020. "On the Development of an Offshore Version of the CECO Wave Energy Converter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-24, February.
    15. Tagliafierro, Bonaventura & Martínez-Estévez, Iván & Domínguez, José M. & Crespo, Alejandro J.C. & Göteman, Malin & Engström, Jens & Gómez-Gesteira, Moncho, 2022. "A numerical study of a taut-moored point-absorber wave energy converter with a linear power take-off system under extreme wave conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Lin, Yifan & Dong, Sheng & Wang, Zhifeng & Guedes Soares, C., 2019. "Wave energy assessment in the China adjacent seas on the basis of a 20-year SWAN simulation with unstructured grids," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 275-295.
    2. Morim, Joao & Cartwright, Nick & Etemad-Shahidi, Amir & Strauss, Darrell & Hemer, Mark, 2016. "Wave energy resource assessment along the Southeast coast of Australia on the basis of a 31-year hindcast," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 276-297.
    3. Silva, Dina & Martinho, Paulo & Guedes Soares, C., 2018. "Wave energy distribution along the Portuguese continental coast based on a thirty three years hindcast," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 1064-1075.
    4. Gonçalves, Marta & Martinho, Paulo & Guedes Soares, C., 2020. "Wave energy assessment based on a 33-year hindcast for the Canary Islands," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 259-269.
    5. Jahangir, Mohammad Hossein & Mazinani, Mehran, 2020. "Evaluation of the convertible offshore wave energy capacity of the southern strip of the Caspian Sea," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 331-346.
    6. Mustapa, M.A. & Yaakob, O.B. & Ahmed, Yasser M. & Rheem, Chang-Kyu & Koh, K.K. & Adnan, Faizul Amri, 2017. "Wave energy device and breakwater integration: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 43-58.
    7. Gonçalves, Marta & Martinho, Paulo & Guedes Soares, C., 2018. "A 33-year hindcast on wave energy assessment in the western French coast," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 790-801.
    8. Dongsheng Qiao & Rizwan Haider & Jun Yan & Dezhi Ning & Binbin Li, 2020. "Review of Wave Energy Converter and Design of Mooring System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-31, October.
    9. Fadaeenejad, M. & Shamsipour, R. & Rokni, S.D. & Gomes, C., 2014. "New approaches in harnessing wave energy: With special attention to small islands," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 345-354.
    10. Gonçalves, Marta & Martinho, Paulo & Guedes Soares, C., 2014. "Assessment of wave energy in the Canary Islands," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 774-784.
    11. Américo S. Ribeiro & Maite deCastro & Liliana Rusu & Mariana Bernardino & João M. Dias & Moncho Gomez-Gesteira, 2020. "Evaluating the Future Efficiency of Wave Energy Converters along the NW Coast of the Iberian Peninsula," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-15, July.
    12. Sierra, J.P. & Martín, C. & Mösso, C. & Mestres, M. & Jebbad, R., 2016. "Wave energy potential along the Atlantic coast of Morocco," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA), pages 20-32.
    13. Bozzi, Silvia & Archetti, Renata & Passoni, Giuseppe, 2014. "Wave electricity production in Italian offshore: A preliminary investigation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 407-416.
    14. Valentina Vannucchi & Lorenzo Cappietti, 2016. "Wave Energy Assessment and Performance Estimation of State of the Art Wave Energy Converters in Italian Hotspots," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-21, December.
    15. Sierra, J.P. & Mösso, C. & González-Marco, D., 2014. "Wave energy resource assessment in Menorca (Spain)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 51-60.
    16. Díaz, H. & Guedes Soares, C., 2022. "A novel multi-criteria decision-making model to evaluate floating wind farm locations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 431-454.
    17. Laura Castro-Santos & Ana Rute Bento & Carlos Guedes Soares, 2020. "The Economic Feasibility of Floating Offshore Wave Energy Farms in the North of Spain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-19, February.
    18. Shi, Xueli & Liang, Bingchen & Du, Shengtao & Shao, Zhuxiao & Li, Shaowu, 2022. "Wave energy assessment in the China East Adjacent Seas based on a 25-year wave-current interaction numerical simulation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 1381-1407.
    19. Iglesias, G. & Carballo, R., 2014. "Wave farm impact: The role of farm-to-coast distance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 375-385.
    20. Sierra, J.P. & González-Marco, D. & Sospedra, J. & Gironella, X. & Mösso, C. & Sánchez-Arcilla, A., 2013. "Wave energy resource assessment in Lanzarote (Spain)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 480-489.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:111:y:2019:i:c:p:595-621. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600126/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.